Tracheoesophageal fistula
Introduction
Introduction to tracheoesophageal fistula Tracheoesophagealfistula is caused by congenital embryonic development. The trachea and esophagus are connected by the sacral tract. About half of the patients are accompanied by other congenital malformations, such as cardiovascular, genitourinary and pulmonary hypoplasia, most of which are scattered. Sex, only a few have a family history. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cause
Causes of tracheoesophageal fistula
(1) Causes of the disease
Tracheoesophageal fistula is a disease caused by congenital embryonic development that is caused by the communication between the trachea and the esophagus.
(two) pathogenesis
Common tracheal esophagus with esophageal atresia, tracheal hypoplasia, and fistula and esophagus, esophagus or blind end of the atresia, enlarged cystic, also see tracheal-esophageal fistula without esophageal atresia, a small number of cases by the bronchus and esophagus Form bronchial-esophageal fistula.
Prevention
Tracheal esophageal fistula prevention
Prevent colds and reduce lower respiratory tract infections.
Complication
Tracheal esophageal fistula complications Complications pneumonia acute respiratory distress syndrome
Mainly long-term repeated lower respiratory tract infections with aspiration pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome.
Symptom
Tracheal esophageal fistula symptoms Common symptoms Esophageal fistula esophagus atresia esophageal reflux symptoms esophageal smooth muscle...
Neonates with tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia can develop cough and reflux, and vomit throat secretions, often rapidly dying due to aspiration pneumonia and respiratory distress.
The clinical manifestations depend on the anatomical features and severity of the deformed lesions. Most of the symptoms are cough and vomiting after eating, repeated lower respiratory tract infections, occasional hemoptysis, cough and reflux symptoms are more obvious when feeding or crying. The milder often does not develop symptoms until adulthood.
Examine
Tracheal esophageal fistula examination
Such as infected people with increased white blood cells.
1. Chest X-ray films only see X-ray signs of aspiration pneumonia, showing small patches of inflammation along the bronchus, with the middle and lower lung fields as common, and cases of chronic recurrent infections can be seen in densely densified small nodules or strips. Shadow.
2. Bronchography (iodine oil) and esophagography (iodine oil, sputum) can help to identify the fistula site and morphology.
3. Endoscopy, including fiberoptic bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy to aid diagnosis and local treatment.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of tracheoesophageal fistula
diagnosis
In addition to clinical performance, the diagnosis depends on X-ray examination.
Differential diagnosis
It should be differentiated from bronchial hypoplasia and congenital esophageal spasm.
