Other Vibrio Infections
Introduction
Introduction to other Vibrio infections Vibrio bacteria include Vibrio and Vibrio, Vibrio aeruginosa infections of the genus Vibrio, Vibrio cholerae of the genus Shigella and Vibrio, Vibrio cholerae non-01 Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been specifically described here, mainly involving Vibrio infections other than the above. The incidence of such vibri infections has increased year by year, and the gastroenteritis caused by it is easily confused with cholera, bacillary dysfunction and the like. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the disease is caused by improper diet, the general probability is about 2% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pulmonary edema
Cause
Other causes of Vibrio infection
(1) Causes of the disease
1. Vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic bacterium, which is negative for Gram staining, with a single flagellar apex and motility. It is believed that this bacterium can produce enterotoxin and cytotoxin, which is sensitive to most broad-spectrum antibiotics. But resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics.
2. V. mimicus is non-halophilic, Gram-negative, single flagella, motility, and some strains can produce enterotoxin, which is sensitive to commonly used antibiotics.
3. V. hollisae is a halophilic bacterium, a gram-negative bacillus, single flagella, capable of movement, sensitive to most antibacterial drugs.
4. V. furnissii The morphology and biochemical reaction are basically the same as those of Vibrio fluvialis. It was originally classified into Vibrio fluvialis and confirmed by DNA-related experiments as an independent species. The bacterium is present in the ocean.
5. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) is the second biotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the pathogenesis report is still rare.
6. V. vulnificus can cause wound infection and sepsis.
7. V. anguillarum mainly causes animal diseases, and the relationship with human diseases needs further study.
8. V. metschnikovii is also an animal pathogen that causes cholera-like illness in chickens and has recently been reported to cause illness.
9. V. damsela This strain has tissue invasiveness and produces cytotoxic toxins, which is the pathogen of mermaosis.
(two) pathogenesis
It is mainly caused by the consumption of seafood, which can cause food poisoning outbreaks, polluted water sources, can cause water-type outbreaks, and exposure to seawater may also cause wound infection.
Prevention
Other Vibrio infection prevention
Strengthen the hygiene management and disinfection of diet and drinking water, seafood should be cooked, burnt and then eaten.
Complication
Other complications of Vibrio infection Complications pulmonary edema
Can be complicated by acute renal failure and pulmonary edema.
Symptom
Other symptoms of Vibrio infection Common symptoms Septicemia Diarrhea Nausea abdominal pain Peritonitis trauma
The incubation period is many hours to 3 days. The clinical manifestations of Vibrio infection are different. There are two main aspects: one is diarrhea and other manifestations of gastroenteritis; the other is extraintestinal infection, which is common in mouth, ear and wound infection and sepsis. These extraintestinal infections can be found in infections such as Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio vulnificus.
1. Vibrio vulnificus infection can cause wound infection and sepsis.
2. Vibrio cholera infection is characterized by acute gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, watery stools, and a large amount, often accompanied by moderate to severe dehydration, some patients have fever, a few patients have bloody stools, mucus blood and peripheral blood Leukocytosis, white blood cells and red blood cells in the feces of 2/3 cases, the course of disease is 16 ~ 18h.
3. The incubation period of Vibrio fuliginea is 5-20 hours, mainly manifested as acute gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.
4. There are two clinical types of Vibrio mimicus infection. One is gastroenteritis type. Most patients have diarrhea, watery stool or bloody mucus, some are bloody stools, most of them are accompanied by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Some patients have fever and headache. The course of disease was 6 days on average, and the other was a local infection type, which was characterized by otitis media, traumatic focal infection, etc. The patients had a history of seawater exposure.
5. Patients with Vibrio cholera infection have diarrhea, some have vomiting and fever, peripheral blood leukocytosis, and have a history of eating seafood such as oysters.
6. Michnikovic infection can cause diarrhea, peritonitis and sepsis.
7. Vibrio marinus infection is generally mild, showing diarrhea, yellow watery stool, a large amount, a small amount of mucus or mucus pus and blood, some cases have paroxysmal umbilical pain, vomiting, etc., a few have urgency and heavy, part A small amount of red blood cells and white blood cells can be seen in the patient's stool.
8. Vibrio alginolyticus infection is the main manifestation of diarrhea, the symptoms are mild, and dehydration is rare.
Examine
Inspection of other vibri infections
1. A small number of patients with Vibrio cholerae have bloody stools, mucus blood and peripheral blood leukocytes, 2/3 cases have white blood cells and red blood cells in the feces, patients with Vibrio cholera infection have diarrhea, some have vomiting and fever, peripheral blood leukocytes increase.
2. A small amount of red blood cells and white blood cells can be seen in the stool of Vibrio marinus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of other Vibrio infections
People with acute gastroenteritis have a history of eating seafood. After skin contact with seawater, skin wound infection and sepsis are suspected and such diseases. The diagnosis depends on bacterial isolation and culture, biochemical and serological identification.
Clinical should be differentiated from cholera, non-01 group of Vibrio cholerae enteritis.
