Leiomyosarcoma
Introduction
Introduction to leiomyosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from smooth muscle. It is common in men over 40 years of age. It is a single or several nodules with a diameter of no more than 5 cm. The tumor prognosis is closely related to its location and size. The common site of the disease is the retroperitoneal area, which may have pain. The leiomyosarcoma that occurs in the inferior vena cava has different symptoms depending on the site. In addition to local infiltration of adjacent organs and tissues, hematogenous dissemination is the most important mode of metastasis. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: common in men over 40 years old Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cancer pain
Cause
The cause of leiomyosarcoma
Cause (35%):
The cause is still unknown. The etiology of this disease is not clear, and may have certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and mood and nutrition during pregnancy.
Pathogenesis (30%):
The pathogenesis is still unclear. Pathological examination: the cut surface of the tumor is gray or gray-red, like fish-like, with bleeding and necrosis. The tumor cells are long fusiform, the size is different, the membrane is clear, the cytoplasm is irritated, and myofibrils are visible. The cells are arranged in parallel or interlaced bundles.
Prevention
Leiomyosarcoma prevention
Prevention: There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Pay attention to health, do a good job of safety protection, reduce and avoid the irritating and accidental injury of adverse factors, can play a certain preventive role; In addition, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are also the key to prevention and treatment of this disease. Strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness, and improve immunity. Regular participation in physical exercise, such as health gymnastics, practicing Qigong, Tai Chi, doing radio gymnastics, walking, etc., is of great benefit. Anyone who insists on physical exercise will have a strong body and strong disease resistance, and rarely suffer from illness.
Complication
Leiomyosarcoma complications Complications, cancer pain
In general, tumors with a diameter <5 cm have a good prognosis. More than 40% of dermal tumors are prone to recurrence, but rarely metastasize. On the contrary, one-third of subcutaneous tumors can metastasize and cause death. The disease is a malignant tumor, so the characteristics of this disease can be transferred through the blood circulation, often combined with the liver, and secondary malignant changes in the kidney.
Symptom
Symptoms of leiomyosarcoma Common symptoms Nodules severe pain Muscle tear muscle contracture Cystic mass Folding knife phenomenon Increased mitotic figures
1. Common in men over 40 years old, occur in the proximal limbs, especially the lower limbs.
2. The performance is a single even or several nodules, the diameter does not exceed 5cm, and some can be higher than the leather surface, the texture is solid, can be broken, regional lymph node metastasis or systemic lymph node metastasis, the tumor has obvious pain.
3. The dermis tumor is derived from the pilose muscle, and the subcutaneous tissue tumor occurs in the blood vessel. The prognosis of the tumor is closely related to its location and size. Generally, the tumor with a diameter of <5 cm has a good prognosis, and more than 40% of the dermal tumor is prone to recurrence. However, there is very little metastasis. On the contrary, one-third of subcutaneous tumors can metastasize and cause death. In fact, most non-angiogenic subcutaneous smooth muscle tumors have a malignant tendency during long-term follow-up.
Examine
Leiomyosarcoma examination
Histopathology: The cut surface of the tumor is gray or grayish red, like fishy flesh, with hemorrhage and necrosis. The tumor cells are long fusiform, the size is different, the membrane is clear, the cytoplasm is irritated, the myofibrils are visible, and the cells are parallel. Or intertwined bundles, tumor cells in poorly differentiated areas show pleomorphism, mitotic figures are more common, tumor giant cells can be seen, and the morphology and arrangement of smooth muscle cells are lost.
Gastroscope is often difficult to diagnose, X-ray barium meal, ultrasound gastroscopy and CT help to diagnose leiomyosarcoma. B-ultrasound has a high detection rate of shallow position, large volume and extra-cavity growth.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of leiomyosarcoma
diagnosis
According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed.
Differential diagnosis
1. Undifferentiated or poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma can be stained with acid fuchsin, looking for red-stained cytoplasmic processes, clear sarcoma from smooth muscle cells.
2. Leiomyoma is distinguished from well-differentiated leiomyosarcoma, which has nuclear atypicality.
3. The leiomyosarcoma is differentiated from other spindle cell sarcomas, and special staining can be performed to determine the source of the cells.
