Pinta disease
Introduction
Introduction to Pinto disease Pinta is a chronic skin infection caused by T. pallidum and one of three nonvenereal treponematosis, clinically cutaneous squamous papules, variability pigmentation and keratinization. Excessive characteristics, endemic, almost all of them begin to develop in childhood. No disease has been found in China, and penicillin treatment is effective. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: This disease occurs mostly in children and adolescents. Mode of infection: contact with infection. Complications: sepsis sepsis and bacteremia
Cause
Cause of illness
Cause:
Treponema carateum is similar to the morphological and biological traits of Treponema pallidum. It is 0.13-0.15m wide and 1013m long. It has various movement modes. It is not easy to dye the aniline dye, and it can not be inanimate. It grows on the medium but can infect humans and chimpanzees.
Pathogenesis:
The Treponema pallidum enters the body from the damaged skin and spreads to the whole body with lymph or blood after local reproduction, causing skin lesions and swollen lymph nodes.
Prevention
Prevention of other diseases
Preventive work should be done from three sources: source of infection, route of transmission, and susceptible population.
Source of infection: Massive treatment should be carried out for patients in endemic areas to control the source of infection. If you have an unexplained rash and skin lesions, seek medical advice promptly.
Route of transmission: Avoid contact with the patient's skin lesions.
Susceptible people: The disease occurs mostly in children and adolescents. This group has low resistance and is susceptible to people. When there is a disease epidemic, preventive measures should be taken to avoid contact with the patient's skin lesions.
Complication
Complications of other diseases Complications sepsis sepsis and bacteremia
The disease is limited to skin damage, does not involve the mucosa, cardiovascular and nervous system, except for local lymph nodes can be swollen, there is no systemic symptoms.
Symptom
Symptoms of other symptoms common symptoms pigment abnormalities large amount of skin desquamation eczema papules scales
Clinical manifestations can be divided into the following three phases:
Phase one
In the primary papule stage, several small papules appear in the infected part. The papules gradually enlarge and fuse together, and the diameter is 1-2 cm. Then the surface desquamation and pigment changes, often reddish brown, lower limb skin Mainly (about 80%), can also be distributed in the forearm and back of the hand.
2. Phase II
For the pintids period, after about 2 to 6 months, the rash spreads to other parts, but the skin of the lower limbs is still dominant, and it can also affect the face, arms and trunk, with flat ring erythema, diameter. Up to 10cm, irregular edges, covered with scales, excessive keratinization, and red, brown, gray or light colors, so Spanish called "paint" Known as a drug, you can also see moss-like, eczema-like and psoriasis-like changes on the same patient's skin. This rash can last for several years, can be cured naturally, leaving no scars, or progressing into three phases. Lesion.
3. Phase III
It is a pigmentation disorder, which occurs 2 to 5 years after infection. It is mainly characterized by abnormal pigmentation of the skin. It is often a generalized, symmetrical distribution. Patches of different colors can be found in the hands, wrists, ankles, elbows, and feet. , face and scalp, etc., progressive development, and finally form white porcelain plaque, accompanied by skin atrophy or hyperkeratosis, the latter is common in the palmar part, and cracks can occur and make walking difficult.
Examine
Inspection of other diseases
1. Blood routine examination can be found to increase eosinophils.
2. In the first stage and the second stage lesion, the spiral body can be found by dark field examination of the scraping material at the skin lesion.
3. Serum for sexually transmitted diseases research laboratory (VDRL) test, about 60% to 75% positive.
There is mild acanthosis in the early stage of the epidermis, atrophy in the late stage, liquefaction and degeneration of basal cells, pigment incontinence, and a large number of phagocytic cells in the upper part of the dermis. In addition, lymphocytes, plasma cells and a few tissue cells are infiltrated, and silver staining shows spirals and pigments. Decreased lesions showed melanocyte deficiency and no inflammatory cell infiltration.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of other diseases
For those living in the South African blacks, skin lesions such as scaly papules or pigment abnormalities were found in the hands, legs, etc., and the disease should be suspected and confirmed by laboratory examination.
Must be differentiated from diseases such as psoriasis, tinea versicolor, eczema, vitiligo and syphilis.
