Trichostrongylosis
Introduction
Introduction to O. elegans Trichostrongyliasis (trichostrongyliasis) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by trichostrongylus parasitic in the duodenum and jejunum of the human body. The clinical symptoms of the light are not obvious or have no symptoms. In severe cases, there may be similar The symptoms of hookworm disease, anemia, malnutrition and gastrointestinal disorders, etc., and the disease is often mixed with hookworm disease. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: digestive tract spread Complications: Osteoporosis Anemia
Cause
The cause of the disease
(1) Causes of the disease
There are more than 30 species of T. elegans that are parasitic on humans and mammals. Among them, T. orientalis, T.axei, T. brevis, which infect humans. T. colubriformis, T. problurus, T. skrjabini and T. vitrinus, more than ten species, China's human body The main infections are T. orientale, T. elegans and C. elegans. The genus of T. elegans is as thin as sweat, light white and transparent, with no obvious horizontal stripes, rounded tip and blunt, oriental hair. The male worm is 4.3-5.5mm long and 72-79mm wide. There is a crossover umbrella at the end, which consists of two left and right leaves. The ventral ribs are small, the lateral abdominal ribs and the mid-abdominal ribs are thick, the posterior ribs are narrow, and the outer ribs are slightly " S" shape, a pair of thorns, a small hook at the end, the female is 5.5 ~ 6.5mm long, about 70mm wide, the tip is slightly pointed, the vulva is located 1 / 6 behind the worm, the uterus contains 5 ~ 15 eggs, The eggs are oval, (80-100) m × (40 ~ 47) m, the egg shell is thin, transparent and colorless, similar to hookworm eggs.
The adult is mainly parasitic in the lower part of the stomach and the duodenum, followed by the jejunum. The female lays eggs. After excretion with the feces, the eggs develop in the soil of suitable temperature and humidity, hatching the larvae, after the second molting. It develops into infectious larvae. The infectious larvae can reach the gastrointestinal tract with food. After the third molting, they invade the submucosa of the small intestine. After 4 days, the larva escapes from the mucosa. After the fourth epithelium, the mucosa is inserted into the mucosa and adheres to the intestinal wall. It develops into an adult, and the female usually develops and lays eggs within 20 to 30 days. In addition to parasitism, the female can also be parasitic on ruminants such as sheep, horses, cows, donkeys, camels and rabbits.
(two) pathogenesis
The adult worms are parasitic in the lower part of the stomach and the duodenum, and can also parasitize the upper part of the jejunum. The pathological changes caused by this are not significant, and the pathogenic effect on the human body is still unclear.
Prevention
Trichomoniasis prevention
Timely treatment of patients and infected animals, control of infectious sources, and conscientious management of manure, human and animal manure should be treated in a harmless manner; pay attention to personal hygiene, do a good job of environmental sanitation, food should be thoroughly cooked before eating; Wear protective gloves and long boots when applying fertilizer.
Complication
Complications of Trichinella Complications Osteoporosis anemia
Osteoporosis, anemia. In addition to primary osteoporosis, which is mainly associated with menopause and old age, osteoporosis may also be caused by a variety of diseases, called secondary osteoporosis.
Symptom
Symptoms of Trichoplusiasis Common symptoms Diarrhea Abdominal pain Abdominal appetite Lack of fatigue Fatigue Osteoporosis Insomnia Dizziness
The prognosis and the severity of clinical symptoms mainly depend on the degree of infection and the nutritional status of the host. The infection is mild and has no obvious symptoms. Serious infections may have fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, and often varying degrees of appetite deficiency, abdominal distension, abdominal pain and Symptoms such as diarrhea, a large number of adult blood-sucking can cause anemia, such as the combination of hookworm disease, anemia is often heavier, the literature reported that the disease may have osteoporosis and serum alkaline phosphatase reduction.
Examine
Examination of roundworm disease
Eosinophils increase, often not more than 10% to 30%.
The stool can be directly smeared, or the sedimentation method, the floating method can improve the positive rate of the detected eggs, and the duodenal drainage liquid can be found in the eggs.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of the disease
diagnosis
In addition to epidemiological data and clinical manifestations, feces can be diagnosed by the detection of eggs, direct smear of stool, or sedimentation method, floating method to improve the positive rate of detection of eggs, stool culture of larvae is the basis for diagnosis, clinical Highly suspected cases, such as duodenal drainage fluid, can be diagnosed by examining the eggs.
Differential diagnosis
O. elegans is often mixed with hookworms. Because of their similar clinical manifestations, the clinical identification of this disease and hookworm disease is sometimes difficult. The two are mainly identified according to the following characteristics of the eggs: the eggs of the oriental hairy worm are more hooked. The eggs of the larvae are large elliptical, with different lengths at both ends, and the long diameter exceeds the transverse diameter by more than 2 times; the hook eggs are elliptical, the ends are almost equal in size, and the long diameter is less than 2 times the transverse diameter; The egg shell of Trichinella elegans is slightly thicker than the egg shell of hookworm, and there are crescent-shaped voids at both ends, containing 10-20 egg cells; the egg membrane and egg shell of hookworm eggs are not dense, and there is no crescent-shaped gap. There are only 2 to 8 egg cells.
