lymphangioma
Introduction
Introduction to capillary lymphangioma Capillary lymphangioma is a mass formed by the development of primitive lymphatic vessels. It is a congenital malformation that belongs to the hamartoma nature and is a borderline lesion between tumor and deformity. Therefore, this disease is more common in children generally do not self-resolved, but the course of the disease is slow. Occurs in the face, neck and other places with small sputum-like transparent particles as the main feature. Generally, there is no need for treatment, and when it affects the appearance or tissue function, it is possible to treat with freezing, laser, etc., and can also be surgically removed. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0004%-0.0008% Susceptible people: under 5 years old Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Cellulitis Acute lymphangitis
Cause
Causes of capillary lymphangioma
(1) Causes of the disease
When the mesoderm in the embryonic venous plexus forms a primitive lymphatic sac, a misconfiguration occurs, causing the primitive lymphatic sac to fail to communicate with the venous system, or fail to communicate with the lymphatic trunk, or a small amount of lymphatic sac in the lymphatic system. Separated, resulting in circulatory disorders of the lymphatic system.
(two) pathogenesis
The mesoderm gap in the embryonic venous plexus fuses to form a large primitive lymphatic sac, which drains into the central venous system. Later, the lymphatic sac gradually degenerates or develops into a lymphatic system parallel to the vein, if a small amount of lymphatic sac forms in the lymphatic system. When separated, it forms a capillary lymphangioma, also known as simple lymphangioma. Because the cervical lymphatic sac is the earliest and the largest, the cystic lymphangioma is most common in the neck. Tumors and hemangiomas are mostly present at birth. They are actually a congenital malformation, a hamartoma, a borderline between tumor and malformation, due to poor obstruction of the output channel of the lymphatic vessels. Causes it to expand proximally, and later the occlusion is aggravated by inflammation or bleeding. Although about 60% of lymphangiomas are seen in patients under 5 years of age, there are also quite a few occurrences in adulthood.
Histopathology shows that capillary lymphangioma is expanded by tiny lymphatic vessels lined with endothelial cells, containing lymph fluid, located in the upper part of the dermis, and the epidermis can be atrophied or proliferated.
Prevention
Capillary lymphangioma prevention
1. The cause of the disease is likely to be related to some bacterial viruses, but the mechanism of tumorigenesis is very complicated. Infection is only one of the external factors. At present, there is no tendency to spread the lymphoma and the mass. Therefore, as a relative of lymphoma patients, the risk of lymphoma is not significantly higher than the general population.
2. If you have received high-dose, multi-course chemotherapy, especially some drugs that affect reproductive function, it is recommended that patients avoid birth during treatment; for the child's health and family happiness, it is also recommended to consider fertility after 3 years of treatment. .
3. Reducing environmental pollution, maintaining good living habits, timely treatment of certain chronic inflammatory diseases of the body, and improving the immune function of the body may not only reduce the incidence of lymphoma, but also reduce the incidence of other malignant tumors.
Complication
Capillary lymphangioma complications Complications cellulitis acute lymphangitis
1. Cellulitis: Cellulitis is a suppurative inflammation that particularly affects the deep and subcutaneous tissues of the dermis, most often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus. Most children are Staphylococcus aureus infections; cellulitis around diabetic ulcers and hemorrhoid ulcers includes mixed infections of Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria cause infection by entering the dermis through an external (immunologically normal) or blood-borne pathway (immunosuppressor).
Second, lymphangitis: lymphangiitis is mostly caused by local wounds or ulcers infected with bacteria, there are some patients without clear bacterial invasion, infection from lymphatic vessels to local lymph nodes.
Symptom
Capillary lymphangioma symptoms Common symptoms Blister
About 60% of lymphangiomas of capillary lymphangioma are seen in patients under 5 years of age, but quite a few also appear in adulthood. More common in the face, neck, chest, upper hip and ankle, the thigh and external genitalia can also be seen, the surface is colorless, soft, small scorpion-like particles, the diameter is more than 1 ~ 3mm, transparent, thick blisters, The pressure can be slightly reduced, often without self-conscious symptoms, such as piercing it, can flow out of transparent, sticky lymph.
Examine
Examination of capillary lymphangioma
1. B-ultrasound can determine tumor size, extent, nature and relationship with surrounding tissues.
2. The neck, supraclavicular, and axillary lymphangioma should be in contact with X-ray to understand the relationship between tumor bronchus and mediastinum.
3. It is feasible to diagnose CT and MRI in deep and visceral lymphangioma, and to understand its relationship with surrounding tissues.
4. For the abdominal cavity, digestive tract lymphoma, gastrointestinal tract barium meal, endoscopy, laparoscopy.
5. Diagnosis of vertebral puncture can be differentiated from hemangioma.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of capillary lymphangioma
It is not difficult to diagnose according to clinical characteristics.
Capillary lymphoma needs to be differentiated from capillary hemangioma and some other blister-like lesions (such as herpes zoster). Lymphangioma and simple lymphatic vessel expansion are difficult to distinguish. Histological examinations are all of varying sizes. The dilated lymphatic cavity is surrounded by a matrix of fat and fibrous tissue.
