Bronchogenic cyst
Introduction
Introduction to bronchogenic cysts A bronchogenic cyst is a cystic mass caused by a congenital abnormality of the respiratory system, also known as a bronchogenic cyst. According to the location of the disease, it is divided into intrapulmonary type, mediastinal type and ectopic type. The ectopic type is rare and can occur in the neck, brain, dura mater and abdominal cavity. When the cyst is small, there is no clinical manifestation; when the cyst is enlarged or combined, it may cause compression symptoms or infection symptoms to the surrounding tissue. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pneumothorax
Cause
Causes of bronchogenic cysts
Causes:
The cause of this disease is unknown. It may be related to embryonic development factors. During embryonic development, the airway epithelium separates from the tracheobronchial tree, from the bronchial development to other parts, and gradually increases. The internal mucus cannot be discharged, forming bronchial tissue as the cyst wall and containing mucus. The cyst.
Prevention
Bronchogenic cyst prevention
Active treatment of respiratory infections such as sinusitis and tonsillitis. In particular, it is important to prevent the occurrence of measles, hunger cough, bronchial pneumonia, lung abscess and tuberculosis in childhood, and to prevent the occurrence of bronchiectasis. Inhalation of toxic smoke, harmful dust, etc. for patients with bronchiectasis has the effect of reducing the severity of bronchiectasis.
The diet is mainly flat, to avoid too hot and cold: patients with bronchiectasis are mostly spleen and lung yang deficiency, water wet transport is unfavorable, resulting in turbid internal resistance. Therefore, you can not eat spicy food, in order to prevent refining sputum as a sputum, so that airway inflammation is aggravated, affecting the airway patency; also can not eat cold and cold foods, so as not to affect the spleen and stomach transport function, resulting in turbidity endogenous Block the airway and aggravate asthma. In addition, cold and stimuli are one of the common causes of bronchial asthma, so the diet should be moderately cold, not dry or cold.
Complication
Bronchogenic cyst complications Complications
Pneumothorax and pus gas chest.
Pyogenic pneumothorax: pyopne umothorax is mostly secondary to pulmonary infections such as pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, and is more common in infants and young children. Pneumonia or empyema can rupture the alveolar or small bronchi at the edge of the lung, forming a bronchospasm, so that the pleural cavity and the bronchial system are connected to each other and become a pneumothorax. If there is pus in the pleural cavity, it becomes a pus. In small infants with staphylococcal pneumonia, small abscesses in the lungs can easily break into the chest cavity and become pus.
Pneumothorax: refers to the gas entering the pleural cavity, resulting in a state of accumulation of gas, called pneumothorax. Usually divided into three categories: spontaneous pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax and artificial pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by rupture of lung tissue and visceral pleura due to lung disease, or by the rupture of tiny vesicles and pulmonary bullae near the surface of the lungs, and air in the lungs and bronchi into the pleural cavity.
Symptom
Symptoms of bronchogenic cysts Common symptoms Cysts Bronchiolar bronchoalveolar nucleus
When the bronchogenic cyst is small, there is no clinical manifestation; when the cyst is enlarged or combined, it may cause compression symptoms or infection symptoms to the surrounding tissue.
When a bronchogenic cyst occurs in the lung, it compresses the bronchus and surrounding lung tissue, and wheezing and coughing occur. When the infection is combined, cough, cough, low fever, and occasionally a small amount of hemoptysis occur. When the cyst is located in the mediastinum, it presents with chest pain and chest tightness. When the trachea, esophagus or blood vessels are compressed, it is characterized by difficulty in breathing, cough, swallowing obstruction, and large blood vessel compression syndrome. The ectopic bronchial cysts may have different symptoms depending on the site of occurrence, or may have symptoms due to cyst enlargement and cystic infection. When the rare cyst is located under the skin, the mucus may be drained to the outside of the skin through the sinus.
Examine
Examination of bronchogenic cysts
X-ray inspection
It is a round or round shape, smooth or sharp edges, uniform and dense shadows, and partially visible gas-liquid level. CT and MRI can clearly show the cyst, help to locate the lesion, and clarify the nature of the lesion. If the source of the bronchus is to be determined, it depends on pathological diagnosis.
2. Histopathology
The cyst is lined with the respiratory epithelium, composed of mucin-filled goblet cells and a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The wall of the capsule may contain smooth muscle and individual visible cartilage.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of bronchogenic cysts
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made based on medical history, clinical manifestations, and imaging studies, and histopathological examination can confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis of intrabronchial bronchogenic cysts is difficult, and needs to be differentiated from mesentery, omentum, common bile duct, liver, ovary and intestinal cysts, in addition to cystic neuroblastoma, adrenal hemorrhage, retroperitoneal cystic lymphatic vessels The identification of intrathoracic cysts such as tumors includes CCAM, sputum, lung isolation, laryngeal atresia, neural tube and primitive intestinal cyst, repeated esophagus, pulmonary edema, and other mediastinal tumors. Associated with malformations: can be associated with other bronchopulmonary anterior intestinal malformations (including tracheal esophageal fistula, esophageal diverticulum, esophageal cyst, lung isolation). Bronchogenic cysts of mediastinal origin are often accompanied by spinal deformities (half vertebrae).
