pilomatricoma
Introduction
Introduction to hair matrix tumor Hairy maternal tumor, also known as calcified epithelioma, is a benign tumor derived from primitive epithelial germ cells that differentiate into hairy maternal cells. More common in women, usually in childhood or adolescence, the disease can turn into gross mother cell cancer, the malignant rate is about 2.6%. At the peak of the onset, women are 5 to 15 years old and men are 5 years old. The disease is not inherited, but a few have a family history. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% - 0.05% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pneumonia pseudotumor
Cause
Cause of hairy tumor
(1) Causes of the disease
The cause is unknown. Some patients have had a history of trauma before the damage occurred, which may be related to myotonic malnutrition.
(two) pathogenesis
The tumor is located in the deep or subcutaneous tissue of the dermis, and the boundary is clear. There is often a connective tissue envelope, which is not associated with the epidermis. The tumor cells aggregate into irregular islands and are buried in the interstitial fibroblast-rich interstitial cells. It consists of two types of epidermal cells, namely basophils and shadow cells. In early lesions, there are many basophils in the islands of the tumor cells, and shadow cells in the late stage. Occasionally, melanin is seen in the tumor. Small sebaceous glands and hairy transparent particles exist. In the interstitial close to the shadow cells, there is a macroscopic reaction of the foreign body in the fashion. About 3/4 of the tumors have calcium deposition, which mainly exists in the shadow cells, and the interstitial cells may also exist. In about 15% of cases, ossification areas are seen in the tumor stroma.
Prevention
Hairy tumor prevention
1. Develop good habits, stop smoking and limit alcohol. Smoking, the World Health Organization predicts that if people no longer smoke, after five years, the world's cancer will be reduced by 1/3; secondly, no alcohol. Smoke and alcohol are extremely acidic and acidic substances. People who smoke and drink for a long time can easily lead to acidic body.
2. Don't eat too much salty and spicy food, don't eat food that is overheated, too cold, expired and deteriorated; those who are frail or have certain genetic diseases should eat some anti-cancer foods and high alkali content as appropriate. Alkaline foods maintain a good mental state.
Complication
Hair matrix tumor complications Complications pneumonia pseudotumor
This disease is rare and can be caused by malignant transformation of benign hairy mammary tumors. Tumors are invasive, but not necessarily larger than benign hairy tumors. Some cases are malignant at first, sometimes with lung metastases.
Symptom
Hairy tumor symptoms common symptoms nodular skin adhesions
Julian et al reviewed 209 cases, the youngest patient was 18 months, the oldest patient was 86 years old, the peak incidence of women was 5 to 15 years old, and the male was 5 years old. The skin lesions were found to be suffering from muscle tension malnutrition. For patients with alopecia and Raynand at the top of the forehead, multiple hairy blastomas have been reported to occur in Rubin-stein and Gardner syndrome. The disease is not hereditary, but a few have a family history.
1. The most common parts are found in the scalp and face and neck, and the trunk, limbs and other parts can also occur.
2. Clinical symptoms The tumor is located in the skin or under the skin, usually single, even or multiple. In rare cases, the tumor has a dark red nodule with a clear surface boundary. The diameter is generally 0.5 to 3 cm, and the maximum is 7 cm. Occasionally Larger, the base can be pushed, the common skin lesions are solid, deep in the nodules, occasionally cystic, the appearance of the surface skin is normal, the occasional position is deep and blue-red, or red, light blue.
Examine
Examination of gross tumor
Histopathological examination showed that the tumor boundary was clear, and there was often a connective tissue envelope around it, which was often located in the lower part of the dermis and extended to the subcutaneous tissue. It was an irregularly shaped epithelial island, embedded in the interstitial cells of the cells, and irregular in the dermis. Epithelial cell island, composed of basophils or non-nuclear eosinophils, often accompanied by calcareous deposition. Usually, the tumor island is composed of two types of cells, basophils and shadow cells. Basophils have Round or elongated, deep basophilic nucleus, cytoplasm is not much, the nucleus is dense, the boundary is often unclear, so the nucleus seems to be embedded in the lumps, and the basophils are arranged in the tumor. On one side or the periphery of the island, these cells can suddenly become shadow cells in some areas. The latter has clear cell boundaries and a central non-stained area, just like the shadow of the nucleus disappearing. There are many basophilic grains in the newly occurring tumor. In the cell area, when the lesion grows, the basophils decrease, and few or no basophils remain in the long-term tumor. In most cases, calcification occurs, and dusty basophils are present in the shadow cells, or Reddish purple Agglomerates, which can also be found between the quality, but also can occur ossification, and melanin deposition associated giant cell foreign body reaction.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of hairy tumor
diagnosis
According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed.
1. Clinical features deep solid nodules, hard, adhesion to the skin, can be promoted.
2. Histopathology is a cell mass composed of basophils and shadow cells, and there is calcium salt in the cells or interstitial cells.
Differential diagnosis
1. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the elderly, the head, face, lower lip mucosa, neck and back of the hand are more common, the skin lesions are red induration, gradually develop into plaque, verrucous hyperplasia, infiltration, surface break Collapse, exudate, scarring, histopathological examination showed invasive growth of squamous cell mass in the dermis.
2. The outer root sheath cyst contains basophils, which disappear when the keratinization occurs, and often have calcification, but the basophils in the surrounding layer of the cyst are arranged in a fence.
3. The cyst structure is common in hair follicle tumor cells, mainly composed of hair follicle-based or isthmic hair cells, and different types of keratinocytes can be seen in the capsule.
4. Solid basal cell epithelial tumors There are fissures between tumor cell mass and interstitium, large tumor necrosis, interstitial edema, and lymphocyte infiltration.
