Caffeine and Aminophylline Poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to caffeine and aminophylline poisoning Caffeine and aminophylline poisoning are also known as caffeine poisoning and aminophylline poisoning. Caffeine and amino-phylline are the derivatives of Astragalus membranaceus, and their pharmacological effects are similar, only differing in the strength of action. Sodium benzoate caffeine (An Na coffee) is a mixture of caffeine and sodium benzoate, containing anhydrous caffeine 47% to 50%; aminophylline is a complex of theophylline and ethylenediamine. Caffeine poisoning is caused by excessive consumption or treatment, and a small number of beverages contain a large amount of caffeine. Occasionally, infants and young children have high sensitivity to caffeine, and acute poisoning symptoms may occur due to the entry of trace amounts. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0025% Susceptible people: good for infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, anaphylactic shock
Cause
Caffeine and aminophylline poisoning etiology
Cause (40%):
Caffeine poisoning is caused by excessive consumption or treatment, and a small amount is caused by ingestion of beverages containing a large amount of caffeine. Occasionally, infants and young children have high sensitivity to caffeine, and acute poisoning symptoms may occur due to the entry of trace amounts. The effective therapeutic amount of alkali is not much different from the amount of poisoning. The poison may be caused by oral administration, rectal administration, intramuscular injection, etc., the interval between administrations is too short, intravenous injection of large dose or excessive speed, etc. The sensitivity of the drug is too high.
Prevention
Caffeine and aminophylline poisoning prevention
Parents should take the medicine according to the doctor's doctor's advice or the prescribed dosage. Generally, the oral or intravenous dose is 3-5mg per kilogram of body weight, three times a day orally, intravenously 1-2 times a day, to the hospital. When the doctor should clearly tell the doctor about the recent use of aminophylline, in order to avoid repeated use, pay attention to the continuous application of aminophylline should not be too long, after the condition is stable, it should be reduced in time to stop the drug; intravenous injection should be slow, while close Observe the child's reaction, if there is headache, nausea, vomiting and other discomfort, should stop the injection immediately, parents should also know that ephedrine, adrenaline, caffeine and morphine, dulantin can increase the toxicity of aminophylline in children During the treatment with aminophylline, avoid using these drugs at the same time. Children with insomnia, dizziness such as dizziness during standing, and hyperthyroidism are sensitive to aminophylline. They should be paid more attention when used. Patients have nausea and vomiting. Patients with hypotension should also be careful to use this medicine.
Complication
Caffeine and aminophylline poisoning complications Complications pulmonary edema pulmonary embolism disseminated intravascular coagulation anaphylactic shock
Severe cases may be caused by pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, cerebral edema, respiratory paralysis, heart failure, etc.; aminophylline poisoning may be accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation, allergic to this class of drugs may occur after injection. Shock, intravenous aminophylline too fast or too high concentration can cause cardiac arrest.
Symptom
Caffeine and aminophylline poisoning symptoms Common symptoms Irritability, abdominal pain, shortness of breath, nausea, coma, convulsions, urinary distress, dizziness, tinnitus
This class of drugs mainly has excitement of the central nervous system, diuretic and stimulating effects on the gastrointestinal tract; after nausea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, until hematemesis, blood in the stool; headache, dizziness, tinnitus, irritability, paralysis, muscle tremor, Convulsions, coma, elevated body temperature, rapid breathing, tachycardia and other arrhythmias; visible blood pressure lowering, more urine, urinary distress, or hematuria, severe cases may be due to pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, cerebral edema, respiratory paralysis, heart strength Depletion and other adverse consequences; aminophylline poisoning may be concurrent with disseminated intravascular coagulation, allergic children with this class of drugs may develop anaphylactic shock after injection, intravenous aminophylline too fast or too high concentration can cause cardiac arrest stop.
Examine
Examination of caffeine and aminophylline poisoning
An overdose poisoning is an examination of liver function and kidney function; patients with longer poisoning time should check the ECG regularly.
Electrocardiogram is one of the most commonly used tests in the clinic and is widely used. Applications include:
Record the electrical activity of the normal heart of the human body.
Help diagnose arrhythmias.
Help diagnose myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and determine the location of myocardial infarction.
Diagnose the heart to enlarge and hypertrophy.
Determine the effect of the drug or electrolyte condition on the heart.
Determine the artificial heart pacing condition.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of caffeine and aminophylline poisoning
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings.
Differential diagnosis
The diagnosis of this disease is mainly differentiated from other drug poisonings with excitatory central nervous system, diuresis and gastrointestinal irritation. Severe cases can cause adverse consequences due to pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, cerebral edema, respiratory paralysis, and heart failure.
