eye acid-base chemical injury
Introduction
Introduction to eye acid and alkali chemical injury Chemical solutions, dust or gas entering or touching the eye can cause eye damage, collectively known as chemical burns, and occur in chemical plants, laboratories, or construction sites. The most common ones are acid burns and spastic burns. The general severe burn is caused by strong alkali, and the conjunctiva has extensive ischemic necrosis, which is grayish-white turbid membrane. The turbidity of the cornea is even white porcelain. It can cause pigmentation of corneal ulcer perforation, infectious endophthalmitis, and post-injury. Two weeks, the new blood vessels can invade the cornea, the corneal tissue is gradually repaired, and the corneal ulcer can cause corneal leukoplakia after healing. The corneal perforation can form anterior viscous corneal leukoplakia, corneal staphyloma or eyeball atrophy, which can be formed when the conjunctival epithelial defect is healed. Adhesive sputum adhesion, pseudo-sick scorpion, etc. In short, ocular alkali burn can bring various serious consequences, causing visual function or loss of eyeball. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.01% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: valgus valgus
Cause
Causes of eye acid and alkali chemical injury
1. Acidic burns, strong acids used in the chemical industry or laboratory are common injuries. Acidic substances have a coagulation effect on proteins. When the concentration of acidic solution is low, it only has a stimulating effect; but strong acid can make tissue proteins coagulate and necrosis.
2. Sputum burns, common spastic burns are mostly caused by strong sputum such as sodium hydroxide, quicklime, ammonia water, etc., sputum can dissolve fat and protein, and can quickly penetrate into the deep layers and eyes of tissues after contact with tissues, so that The cells break down necrosis, so the nature and results of spastic burns are much more severe than acid burns.
Prevention
Eye acid and alkali chemical injury prevention
In daily life and work, we often come into contact with a variety of chemicals. If it is numb and wrong, it may cause chemicals to enter the eye. For example, chemical workers do not use protective equipment during labor, and acid and alkali substances can splash. In the eyes; when farmers use chemical fertilizers or pesticides, they may bring these substances into the eyes, and the result may cause permanent disability. Therefore, it is necessary to take safety precautions to prevent them from happening.
(1) Strengthening safety protection education and strictly implementing operational procedures. In chemical eye injuries, many cases are caused by carelessness in work and violation of safe operating procedures.
(2) Improvements should be made to protective equipment and regular maintenance to prevent chemical leakage.
(3) Workers must wear protective glasses or protective masks when working to prevent chemical substances from splashing into the eyes or burning the face.
(4) Wear protective glasses when applying fertilizer or spraying pesticides. Do not blink when working. It is best to prepare water sources or basins with clear water on the spot to prevent accidents.
(5) Educate children not to play with chemicals, and keep chemicals in their homes in a safe place.
Complication
Eye acid and alkali chemical injury complications Complications
Eye alkali burns can bring various serious consequences, causing visual function or loss of eyeballs, as well as valgus valgus and sputum adhesion.
Symptom
Eye acid and alkali chemical injury symptoms Common symptoms Edema Eyelid malformation Corneal ulcer Conjunctiva Congestion Eyelid insufficiency
According to the tissue reaction after acid burn, it can be divided into three types of burns: light, medium and heavy:
1. Mild burns, mostly caused by weak acid or diluted weak sputum, mild congestive edema of the orbital conjunctiva, corneal epithelium may be a little off or edema, edema subsided after a few days, epithelial repair, no scars, no obvious complications, vision More unaffected;
2. Moderate burns, can be caused by strong acid or relatively rare sputum substances, blistering or erosion of the eyelid skin; conjunctival edema, small piece of ischemic necrosis; obvious opacity of the cornea, epithelial layer completely falling off, or forming a Layer white solidified layer, which can leave corneal plaque after healing and affect vision;
3. Severe burns, mostly caused by strong alkali, extensive ischemic necrosis of the conjunctiva, gray-white turbid membrane; turbidity of the whole cornea is even white porcelain, corneal ulcer perforation can cause pigmentation, infectious endophthalmitis, Two weeks after the injury, the new blood vessels can invade the cornea, and the corneal tissue is gradually repaired. Corneal ulcer can cause corneal leukoplakia after healing. Corneal perforation can form anterior viscous corneal leukoplakia, corneal staphyloma or eyeball atrophy, due to conjunctival epithelial defect during healing. It can form sputum adhesion, pseudo-sick scorpion, etc. In short, ocular alkali burn can bring various serious consequences, causing visual function or loss of eyeball.
In addition, eyelids, acidity of the lacrimal passage, and burns of the eye can also cause eyelid malformations, incomplete closure of the eyelids, and complications such as tears.
Examine
Eye acid and alkali chemical injury examination
Asking about the injury mechanism in detail, and carefully checking the eye, it is not difficult to make a diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of eye acid and alkali chemical injury
Need to identify with mechanical eye injuries.
