Granular cell tumor
Introduction
Introduction to granulosa cell tumor Malignant granulosa cell tumors are rare, often occurring in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, and a few are also found in the bladder and throat. Usually occurs in adults, the ratio of male to female is 1:3. There are two types, one is clinically malignant and histologically benign; the other is clinically and histologically malignant. Often ulcers, the previously recognized malignant criteria are: 1. pathological morphology benign, but clinical recurrence or metastasis; 2. volume greater than 4-5cm, nuclear division 2/10HPF, spindle cell tumor, large nuclear and nucleoli There are necrosis, rapid growth or recurrence. These six phenomena do not have to be all. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: good for adults Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: esophageal ulcer
Cause
The cause of granulosa cell tumor
Environmental factors (30%)
It refers to the external world surrounding human beings, and the environment is a combination of the material conditions on which human beings depend for survival and development. The environment provides a wide range of space for human social production and life, rich resources and necessary conditions, including the natural environment and the social environment.
Genetic factors (20%)
Heredity is a phenomenon similar between biological parents and offspring, and between offspring individuals. It refers to the phenomenon that the traits of the parents are expressed in the next generation. But in genetics, it refers to the phenomenon that genetic material is passed on from generation to generation.
Dietary factors (20%)
The patient overeating, and then excreting undigested food by vomiting or improper excretion (drinking laxatives) may also reduce or even eat, resulting in dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.
Prevention
Granulosa cell tumor prevention
A reasonable diet can take more high-fiber and fresh vegetables and fruits, balanced nutrition, including essential nutrients such as protein, sugar, fat, vitamins, trace elements and dietary fiber, with a combination of vegetarian and vegetarian foods. The complementary role of nutrients in food is also helpful in preventing this disease.
Complication
Granulosa cell tumor complications Complications, esophageal ulcers
There is no complication of this disease.
Symptom
Symptoms of granulosa cell tumors Common symptoms Single solid nodule nodules
Usually occurs in adults, the ratio of male to female is 1:3, 90% of cases, the tumor is single, one third of the tumor occurs in the tongue, one third of the patient occurs in the skin, and the other third occurs Internal organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract and skeletal muscle. The tumor is usually a single-shot solid nodule with a clear boundary, ranging in size from 5 to 30 mm. It is light brown or flesh-colored according to the depth of the tumor, and the surface is usually smooth and shiny. The tumor boundary is unclear, sometimes it can form ulcers, usually no symptoms. About 1% to 2% of granulosa cell tumors are malignant, usually rapidly growing nodules, with an average size of 9cm, often ulcers, and extensive proximity can occur. Tissue involvement and lymph node metastasis.
Examine
Examination of granulosa cell tumor
Histopathology: The tissue has the characteristics of an unclear mass in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The tumor cells are large and polygonal, forming nests and cords. The cells are rich in fine particles, light phenolic cytoplasm, cells. The nucleus is small and round, located in the center of the cell, and the mitotic figures are rare or absent. The upper epithelium often shows obvious epithelial hyperplasia, the cytoplasmic granules are positive for PAS staining, amylase resistant, and the cytoplasmic granules are lysosomes under electron microscope. Autophagosomes.
Immunohistochemistry: Cells were positive for S-100 protein, CD57 (leu-7), peripheral neuromyelin protein, neuron-specific enolase and wavy fibrin.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor
Differential diagnosis:
1 squamous cell carcinoma, although granules are occasionally seen in cancer cells, but under the electron microscope, there are desmosomes, and the particles have a negative reaction to PAS staining. It is similar to basal cell carcinoma in the early stage and can be identified based on clinical manifestations, especially histopathological examination.
2 granulosa cell basal cell carcinoma, the particles are also positive for PAS staining, but the nucleus of granulosa cells is biased to one side, and the basal cells surrounding the tumor cell cluster are arranged in a fence.
