Ganglion cyst
Introduction
Introduction to ganglion cyst A ganglion cyst refers to a benign mass that contains jelly-like mucus that occurs in the vicinity of the joint capsule or tendon sheath. It is mostly single-atrial or multi-atrial. The cause of the disease is unknown. At present, it is mainly thought that the connective tissue on the joint capsule, ligament and tendon sheath is related to local malnutrition, degenerative mucinous degeneration or local chronic strain. More common in young and middle-aged, more women than men, mostly gradually or occasionally found, slow growth. In very few cases, cysts can be absorbed by themselves, but for a long time. Most cases are treated with non-surgical treatment, and the effect is better, but it can recur. Very few cases require surgical resection and the effect is good. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: more common in youth and middle age Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: swelling
Cause
Causes of ganglion cyst
Causes:
Occasionally on the back of the wrist and the back of the foot, it may have a certain relationship with chronic trauma. It can be caused by injuries, excessive strain (especially in the hands and fingers), osteoarthritis, some systemic immune diseases, and even infections.
Pathogenesis
At present, most people think that the connective tissue on the joint capsule, ligament and tendon sheath is degeneratively deformed into cysts due to local malnutrition. Some cases are related to trauma. The wall of the ganglion cyst is dense fibrous connective tissue, and there is no cystic wall. The lining cells are colorless and transparent plastic sputum mucus. The cystic cavity is mostly single-chamber, and there are many patients. The cyst is closely related to the joint capsule or tendon sheath. Some people think that the cystic cavity is connected with the joint cavity or the tendon sheath synovial cavity. I think that the roots are connected and not connected.
Prevention
Ganglion cyst prevention
The ganglion cyst pays attention to the rest of the affected part. Because ganglion cysts are caused by repeated excessive friction, inflammation, therefore, people who have suffered from this disease must avoid excessive manual labor. Prevent attention to correct posture during transplant work to avoid excessive strain and regular rest of joints. You can use the following methods to prevent, often use hot water to soak your feet, avoid the friction of the feet, such as walking bicycles, doing more foot massage, diet should eat more light food.
Complication
Ganglion cyst complications Complications swelling
The affected joints are swollen and even bounce off joint movement disorders.
Symptom
Symptoms of ganglion cysts Common symptoms cystic thumb, food, middle finger... Thumb unexplained pain carpal tunnel syndrome tenderness near the hook bone local tenderness wrist joint round soft mass wrist joint nodular protrusion wrist wrist grain size ... the saclike protrusion of the wrist
1, general symptoms
The ganglion cyst can occur at any age, more common in young and middle-aged, more women than men. The cyst grows slowly, round, and the diameter is generally less than 2cm. There are also sudden discoveries. A few can dissipate on their own, and they can grow again. In addition to local tumors, there were no conscious discomforts, sometimes mild tenderness, and most cases had local soreness or discomfort, affecting activities.
2, local symptoms
When inspecting, you can touch a round block with smooth shape and clear boundary. The surface skin can be pushed, no adhesion, most of the cysts are strong, the mass is tough, a few soft, but all have a sac, the base of the cyst is fixed, almost no Activity, B-ultrasound can help determine the nature of the mass.
(1) ganglion cyst of the wrist: mostly occurs on the dorsal side of the wrist, a few on the volar side, the best part is the posterior joint capsule of the wrist of the total extensor tendon, followed by the radial flexor tendon and the thumb Between the long tendons, the ganglion cyst on the volar side of the wrist, sometimes needs to be differentiated from the iliac aneurysm. When removing the cyst, the radial artery, the cephalic vein and the superficial branch of the radial nerve, and the flexor tendon sheath in the carpal tunnel are protected. Cysts can also occur, compressing the median nerve, and inducing carpal tunnel syndrome. A small number of ganglion cysts can occur on the flexor tendon sheath of the finger distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. The size of the rice is as hard as cartilage.
(2) sacral sheath cysts in the foot and ankle: There are 8 tendon sheaths in the foot and ankle: 3 in front (anterior tendon tendon, long extensor tendon and long extensor tendon), and 3 medial posterior tendon, long flexor tendon and toe Long flexor tendon), 1 lateral (long humerus, short tendon), 1 posterior (Achilles tendon), more common in the dorsal ganglion cyst, mostly originating from the toe long extensor tendon sheath outside the dorsal artery of the foot, inside the fistula The ganglion cyst can compress the phrenic nerve and is one of the causes of fistula syndrome. According to the medical history, the general symptoms and local symptoms of clinical manifestations, B-ultrasound examination, generally can establish a diagnosis.
Examine
Examination of ganglion cyst
1, the disease is more common in women and adolescents. The incidence of carpal scapula and scapular humeral carpal tendon and foot is the highest, and the palmar joint and proximal interphalangeal joint are also common. Occasionally, such mucous degenerative cysts can also occur on the anterior and posterior tibial aponeurosis of the knee joint, but the diagnosis is difficult due to the deeper parts.
2, a slow growing mass in the lesion, hourly asymptomatic, grow up to a certain degree of active joints when there is a feeling of soreness. Examination revealed a 0.5-2.5 cm round or oval mass with a smooth surface and no adhesion to the skin. Due to the filling of the liquid in the capsule, the tension is large, and the sputum is like a hard rubber sample. If the neck is smaller, it can be slightly pushed; if the neck is larger, it is not easy to push, and it is easy to be mistaken for bone mass. The heavy pressure block has soreness. The transparent jelly can be extracted by puncture with a 9 gauge needle.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and differentiation of ganglion cyst
The ganglion cyst should be differentiated from tenosynovitis:
Tenosynovitis is a sheath-like structure that surrounds the tendon. The outer layer is fibrous tissue attached to the bone and adjacent tissues to fix and protect the tendon. The inner layer is a synovial membrane that nourishes the tendon, and the secretion of synovial fluid is beneficial to the tendon sliding. Due to repeated excessive friction, the tendon and tendon sheath cause inflammation, edema, thickening of the fibrous sheath wall to form a narrow ring, and fibrosis and thickening of the tendon cause tendon It is difficult to slide in the sheath, which is stenotic tenosynovitis.
