benign tumor of the nail
Introduction
Introduction to benign tumors Benign tumors (benigntumorofnails) are degenerative lesions of the distal knuckle connective tissue, including mucouscyst, subungual exostosis, fibroids, and epidermal cysts cysts (eppicystsofnailbed). Clearly, most of them can be surgically removed. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0004% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: thyroid adenoma
Cause
Cause of benign tumor
(1) Causes of the disease
1. Mucous cyst: is the degenerative change of the connective tissue of the distal knuckle.
2. Subungual exostosis: It is not a real exogenous sputum, but a normal bone.
3. Fibroids: common in patients with nodular sclerosis.
4. Epidermal cysts of nail bed occurred in the past with trauma.
(two) pathogenesis
The pathogenesis is still unclear.
Prevention
Benign tumor prevention
There is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Early detection and early diagnosis are the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Complication
Benign tumor complications Complications thyroid adenoma
The malignant tendency of benign tumors. Some benign tumors will undergo malignant transformation, and once they become malignant, the consequences are the same as those of malignant tumors. Tumors that are more prone to malignant transformation include benign tumors of the pancreas, thyroid adenomas, breast fibroids, uterine tumors, leiomyomas of the gastrointestinal tract, fibroids of soft tissues, synovial tumors, ligament fibroids, and the like. Once these tumors are discovered, they should be handled in time.
Symptom
Benign tumor symptoms Common symptoms Radiation pain nodule granuloma crusting cyst
Mucinous cyst
A small asymptomatic cystic lesion is formed between the distal knuckle joint and the nail. It is flesh-colored to red, and the surface is smooth and shiny, almost transparent. If it is above the methyl substance, the nail can be concave and the cyst is lateral. About 1 ~ 2mm size, can be extended to the length of the whole nail, the cyst size changes at any time, the cyst shrinks after the fluid in the capsule is discharged, and occasionally there is bleeding, it is black.
2. A lower extremity skeleton
Rarely, it occurs mostly in the thumb, and there is a solid mass at the distal end of the armor and the distal end of the nail. It is often mistaken for sputum and X-ray examination can confirm the diagnosis.
3. Fibroma
It can be single and multiple, usually located in the nail week or under the nail. The methyl fiber can cause the nail to become significantly thinner and even damage the deck.
4. Pigmentation
The junction in the methyl form causes the longitudinal pigmentation of the deck, which can occur at any age, persists after the onset, and a few can be malignant.
5. Glomus tumors
Rarely, often located under the armor (the dermis of the nail bed), visible small blue damage through the deck, characterized by acute, sharp, intense radiation pain after compression.
6. pyogenic granuloma
It is common for the excessive growth of granulation tissue like pyogenic granuloma, especially in the case of ingrown toenails, malignant melanoma can also have the appearance of suppurative granuloma.
7. Keratoacanthoma (teratoacanthoma)
The person who occurred under the armor was different from other places. The fingertips were red and swollen, the pain gradually increased, and the progress began rapidly in the first few weeks. The deck was lifted and separated from the nail bed. A scary nodule appeared at the edge, and the lower phalanx had compression necrosis. Tissue images are similar to those found in common sites and can sometimes be misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.
8. Endogenous chondroma (enchondroma)
Rarely, if it occurs on the distal phalanx, it can cause the fingertips to be swollen, like a sputum finger, which can also manifest as chronic paronychia or large deformation of the nail.
9. Epidermal buds
Usually small, can only be seen under the microscope, generally no symptoms, but can even grow up to destroy the deck.
10. nail bed tumor (onychomatrixoma)
The index finger, the middle finger and the ring finger can be affected by one or several nails. A is a yellow longitudinal band with variable width. The proximal end has a splitting hemorrhage. The diseased armor has a significant sputum, the cross section has a bending tendency, and the degree of bending varies with the degree of yellowness. Exacerbation, after the avulsion, the tumor appeared from the deck, and the nail was shallow funnel-shaped, and there were a large number of filamentous processes in the proximal end section.
11. nail bed epidermal cyst
When a cyst compresses the phalanx, it can cause pain.
Examine
Examination of benign tumors
A bed tumor: histopathology: epithelial bundle from the nail bed and irregular epithelial column, or small leaflet into the dermis, some parts of the epithelial bundle anastomosed to surround the matrix around the tumor, epithelial bundle from basal cells and 2 to 3 layers of keratinocytes Composition, the keratinocytes in the center of the long axis of the epithelial bundle develop into a keratinized cell layer, and some of the bundle centers have a cavity, which causes the epidermis to form a lacuna. The matrix surrounding the tumor is derived from the dermis and contains many fibrous cells and a few elastic fibers. Loose connective tissue.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of benign tumors
According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed.
