spinal cord injury
Introduction
Introduction to spinal cord injury Spinal cord injury is a serious and complex injury. It can occur in industrial and mining, traffic accidents, wartime and natural disasters. It can not only endanger life, but also often combines serious complications. It is difficult to handle and has a poor prognosis. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: hemorrhoids respiratory infections
Cause
Causes of spinal cord injury
(a) classification of spinal fractures
1. According to the direction of violence during injury, it can be divided into: flexion type, straightening type, flexion rotation type and vertical compression type.
2. According to the stability after fracture, can be divided into: stable and unstable.
3. Armstrong-Denis classification: It is a common classification at home and abroad. It is divided into: compression fracture, burst fracture, posterior column fracture, fracture dislocation, rotational injury, compression fracture combined with post-column fracture, burst fracture combined with post-column fracture.
4. Classification by location: can be divided into cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae fracture or dislocation, according to the vertebral anatomy can be divided into vertebral body, vertebral arch, lamina, transverse process, spinous process fracture.
5. Traumatic non-fracture and dislocation type spinal cord injury, mostly in children and middle-aged and elderly patients, characterized by imaging examination without fracture and dislocation.
(two) pathology and type of spinal cord injury
1. Spinal shock.
2. Spinal cord laceration.
3. The spinal cord is under pressure.
The clinical manifestations of spinal cord injury caused by the above pathology may be complete or not, depending on the degree of injury.
Prevention
Spinal spinal cord injury prevention
The care of spinal cord injury is also very important. Spinal cord injury must be rested in bed. The diet should be properly restricted within one week after the injury to prevent abdominal distension from affecting breathing. High protein, high fat, high carbohydrate and vitamin-rich food should be given 2 to 3 weeks after injury. .
After the operation, the complication should be actively prevented, the respiratory tract should be kept open, and the lung infection should be prevented. For paraplegic patients, the back should be turned over regularly, and the body position drainage should be used to help the patient to sputum and prevent skin acne. The cushion should be protected after injury. And turn over regularly, every 2 to 3 hours, keep the stool smooth, rehabilitation treatment is early, the sooner the easier it is to recover, but the method must be correct, the military army treatment is timely, but if you do not pick him up, It is better to use a flat lift to enter the hospital.
Complication
Spinal cord injury complications Complications, acne respiratory infections
Complications include:
(1) Prevention and treatment of acne.
(2) Prevent urinary tract infections.
(3) Prevention and treatment of joint stiffness and deformity.
(4) Prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, and seizures.
Symptom
Spinal cord injury symptoms Common symptoms Abdominal pain Abdominal nerve root injury Intestinal peristalsis slows pharyngeal paraplegia Pharyngeal and larynx crisis
(1) Spinal fractures, patients with localized pain, neck movement disorders, lower back muscles, can not stand up, localized fractures may have localized kyphosis, due to retroperitoneal hematoma stimulation of autonomic nerves, intestinal peristalsis slows down, Frequent bloating, abdominal pain and other symptoms often need to be differentiated from abdominal organ damage.
(B) combined spinal cord and nerve root injury, after spinal cord injury, movement, sensation, reflex and sphincter and autonomic nerve function are damaged.
Examine
Spinal cord injury examination
1. X-ray examination: the normal side of the spine is taken regularly, and if necessary, the oblique position is taken. The X-ray can basically determine the location and type of the fracture.
2. CT examination: It is helpful to determine the degree of invasion of the spinal canal by the displaced fracture block and to find the bone or intervertebral disc protruding into the spinal canal.
3. Magnetic resonance examination: It is extremely valuable for determining the condition of spinal cord injury.
4. Somatosensory evoked potential: It is a method for measuring the conduction function of the somatosensory system (mainly by the spinal cord).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of spinal cord injury
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
As the retroperitoneal hematoma stimulates autonomic nerves, intestinal peristalsis slows down, and often abdominal distension, abdominal pain and other symptoms, sometimes need to be differentiated from abdominal organ damage.
