Echinococcosis
Introduction
Introduction to hydatid disease Echinococcosis, also known as echinococcosis, is a disease caused by human infection with the larvae of the echinococcosis and the echinococcosis of the echinococcosis, which is prevalent in many animal husbandry areas around the world. In the high-incidence area, the prevalence rate can reach 5%. The terminal host of Echinococcus granulosus is dog, wolf, fox, etc. The sheep, mouse and horse are the intermediate hosts. The clinical manifestations of hydatid disease are highly diverse and reflect The location and size of the larvae, the majority of symptoms are due to the mechanical pressure of the larvae or the release of heterogeneous antibodies due to blister fluid outflow, the capsules can be diagnosed by the worms, and the infected patients can be surgically removed. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0002% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: fecal spread Complications: abdominal pain
Cause
Cause of hydatid disease
(1) Causes of the disease
The terminal host of Echinococcus granulosus is a dog, a wolf, a fox, etc., a sheep, a mouse, a horse, etc. as an intermediate host. The mature Echinococcus is spawned in the terminal host small intestine and discharged with the feces, and is swallowed by the intermediate host. After eating, the larvae are shelled out to form a six-hook cockroach through the action of the digestive juice. These animals are swallowed by the terminal host to complete the life cycle of the echinococcosis. The life cycle of the echinococcosis is similar to that of the granule echinococcosis. .
(two) pathogenesis
After the spine is swallowed, it protrudes in the intestine with keratin barbs hanging on the mucosa of the small intestine wall, or the kisses invade the intestinal wall to form a cylindrical small sinus, which is shallow to the submucosa; , causing mucosal damage, bleeding, necrosis, ulcers, perforation, often changing the attachment site during the development of the body, so that the damage range is enlarged, the inflammation is aggravated, and the influence of the metabolites of the worms causes the patient to have gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Weight loss, anemia, and eosinophilia in the blood, due to the deep kiss of the worm and the submucosal layer of the intestine, the muscular layer, and even the serosal layer, it is prone to intestinal perforation, leading to localized or diffuse peritonitis, small chronic Perforation forms an intra-abdominal inflammatory mass, develops into an intra-abdominal abscess, adhesive intestinal obstruction, and can also damage the intestinal wall blood vessels to cause intestinal bleeding.
The lesion is mainly in the ileum. In the lower segment, the affected intestine is generally 30 to 200 cm long. In severe cases, the entire small intestine may be involved. The intestinal mucosa is congested, edematous, hypertrophic, and there are scattered ulcers. The number is larger than the worm, and the serosa corresponding to the ulcer On the surface, there are special white nodules protruding from the disease, the diameter is O.2~2.5cm, round or elliptical. Under the microscope, the central part of the nodule is coagulative necrosis, and the outer layer is eosinophil or plasma cell. The main inflammatory granuloma, the body often bites on the mucosal surface of the nodule, the nodule moves with the worm, and the part of the intestine is also located in the center of the nodule. The omentum is also often adhered to the intestine, the mesenteric lymph nodes are obviously enlarged, and there is a large amount of eosinophil infiltration.
Prevention
Echinococcus prevention
Extensive environmental health promotion in livestock areas, good hygiene practices in childhood, and avoidance of sick animals.
Complication
Echinococcus rickets complications Complications, abdominal pain
With fever, abdominal pain, damage to the intestinal wall blood vessels leading to intestinal bleeding.
Symptom
Common symptoms of hydatidosis, nodular itching, abdominal pain, cyst, calcification, cold war, diarrhea
Subcutaneous appearance of broad bean even larger non-inflammatory nodules, or soft pouch, fluctuation, size, no pain and tenderness, normal color of the skin covering the cyst, cyst rupture, cyst fluid is absorbed, can appear Skin erythema, urticaria-like rash, itching, accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, calcification or cyst degeneration after a few years, most infected people may be asymptomatic, unrecognized, only <2% of patients were found, skin Symptoms and soft tissue appear.
The clinical manifestations of hydatidosis are highly diverse and reflect the location and size of the larvae. The vast majority of symptoms are due to mechanical stress in the larvae's body or heterologous antibodies due to blister effluent. The larvae may be single or mostly (at least 25%). Infected liver (50% to 70%), lung (20% to 30%) and other parts: kidney, heart, bone marrow, muscle and central nervous system (2%). When symptoms appear, hydatid may have A considerable amount is reached, and if it ruptures and blistering, the patient may have chills and urticaria.
Examine
Examination of hydatid disease
Eosinophilia can occur in about 1/3 or less of patients, but blistering can lead to a higher proportion of patients with eosinophilia.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of hydatid disease
The cystic examination can be diagnosed by the worm, and clinical asymptomatic lesions can be found by characteristic imaging techniques (such as ultrasound, CT, MRI).
The diseases to be identified include cysticercosis, parasitic diseases, filariasis and other soft tissue larvae lesions.
