gynecomastia
Introduction
Introduction to men's breast development Men's breast development is a common endocrine disease, breast enlargement is the only clinical manifestation. Normal males in the neonatal, adolescent and old age, breasts can be physiologically increased; but between adolescence and old age Men, if the breast enlargement, is mostly pathological, should find the cause in time. It is generally believed that in addition to three conditions in a person's life (transient hyperplasia of the newborn, enlarged mammary gland and occasional hyperplasia of the mammary gland in older men), the breast tissue can be regarded as abnormal. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: male Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: breast hyperplasia
Cause
Causes of gynecomastia
Estrogen promotes the development of the mammary gland, and androgen inhibits it. If the estrogen is too much, the androgen is reduced, the ratio of estrogen and androgen is imbalanced, or the estrogen receptor is increased, and the sensitivity of the mammary gland to estrogen is increased. .
Testosterone secreted by Leydig cells is regulated by pituitary LH, testosterone is aromatized in peripheral tissues and converted to estrogen, or reduced to dihydrotestosterone. Male testosterone production is more than 100 times greater than estradiol, if this effective ratio is significantly reduced The breasts increase.
Histological features are mainly breast tube hyperplasia, cystic enlargement and fibrous adipose tissue hyperplasia, no acinar structure, no mammary gland lobes, long-term glandular epithelial degeneration, and decreased mammary duct.
Prevention
Men's breast development prevention
With the improvement of economic level and the accelerated pace of life, lifestyles, eating habits, etc. have changed a lot. The incidence of male breast hypertrophy in China is increasing. Although there is no exact data, the number of seekers is increasing year by year. Breast diseases have a certain malignant rate like female mammary gland diseases. Therefore, how to use medical treatment to block over-differentiation and proliferation of mammary gland cells caused by excessive estrogen in males has always been the focus of specialist research and the majority of patients. Expectation.
When the estrogen level in the body is relatively or absolutely increased due to various reasons, the mammary epithelial cells may be stimulated by excessive estrogen, and abnormal development of the male breast may occur. If the male finds that he has breast hypertrophy, he should go to the hospital as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis. It is physiologically medicinal, so you don't have to be too nervous, you can dissipate on your own or disappear after stopping the drug. If it is pathological, you should seriously look for the cause and treat the cause in time. Men's breast hypertrophy is earlier. Give positive and effective treatment can return to normal; and for a long time, when breast tissue hyperplasia is more serious, it is irreversible change, which means that it is easy to be cancerous and must be treated surgically. Therefore, if a man finds abnormal breast, he should see a doctor promptly. Through drug control, reduce the amount of estrogen in the body, while self-regulating, the mood remains stable and try to avoid taking estrogen-containing drugs and food.
Complication
Men's breast development complications Complications
Breast tissue hyperplasia is more susceptible to cancer.
Symptom
Men's Breast Development Symptoms Common Symptoms Male Breasts
Clinically manifested as a man between adolescence and old age, breast enlargement occurs.
Examine
Examination of men's breast development
Carefully check the nipple for lactation or bloody secretions, breast lumps and their boundaries, texture, activity; testicular and secondary sexual characteristics, abnormalities, determination of liver function, testosterone, estrogen, blood prolactin, LH, hCG Ultrasound testicular test can help diagnose testicular tumors, mammography, sphenanthography, whole chest radiograph, skull or chest CT, MIR examination, help for breast cancer, pituitary tumor and lung cancer Differential diagnosis, needle aspiration cytology of the mass helps to qualitative diagnosis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of male breast development
diagnosis
According to the medical history, clinical manifestations and physical examination can be diagnosed, but the disease should be differentiated from pseudo-breast development (breast fat accumulation), breast cancer, neurofibromatosis, etc., should be asked in detail about the history of medication, careful physical examination, pressing the nipple with or without lactation Or bloody secretions, check testicular and secondary characteristics, determine liver function, testosterone, estrogen, blood prolactin, LH, HCG, mammogram, saddle film, whole chest, skull or Chest CT, MIR examination, help differential diagnosis of breast cancer, pituitary tumor and lung cancer, needle aspiration cytology examination of the mass can help qualitative diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
This disease should be differentiated from pseudo-breast development (breast fat accumulation), neurofibromatosis, etc.
Should also be identified is male breast cancer, the latter more common in the elderly, is a unilateral intramammary mass, commonly under the areola, the mass of the mass is solid, irregular, the border is unclear, often no tenderness, early can appear areola skin Adhesions and axillary lymph nodes are enlarged or metastasized, and a small number of visible nipple bloody discharges.
