recurrent aphthous ulcer
Introduction
Introduction to recurrent aphthous ulcer Recurrent oral ulcer, also known as recurrent aphthous ulcer or recurrent aphthous stomatitis, is the most common oral mucosal disease, and its prevalence is the highest in oral mucosal disease. Epidemiological surveys in each country show that every 5 people At least one person has had an oral ulcer. The disease is characterized by recurrent ulcers in various parts of the oral mucosa, without other signs of disease, with periodic, recurrent, and self-limiting characteristics, and ulcer burning is obvious. Occurs in the parts of the lips, tongue, cheeks, soft palate and other keratinization. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: headache
Cause
Cause of recurrent aphthous ulcer
Disease factor (35%)
Recurrent aphthous ulcer is closely related to gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis, localized enteritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and biliary tract disease. Endocrine system diseases such as diabetes, menstrual disorders, etc. are also associated with recurrent aphthous ulcers.
Environmental factors (20%)
Psychological environment, living and working environment, social environment and so on have a great relationship with recurrent aphthous ulcers. The lack of zinc, copper, iron, selenium and other elements in food, or the ratio of vitamin B1, (TXB2) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 (6K-PGF1) and the decrease in the overall level are related to the operation of vascular endothelial cells, resulting in recurrent Affl He is ulcerated. Microcirculatory disorders are associated with the onset of recurrent aphthous ulcers. The incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in smokers was lower than in nonsmokers.
Immunity factor (15%)
1 cellular immune abnormalities; 2 humoral immune abnormalities and autoimmunity; 3 immune function is low and immunodeficiency.
Genetic factors (15%)
Studies of monogenic inheritance, polygenic inheritance, genetic markers, and genetic material in recurrent aphthous ulcers have shown that the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers is genetically predisposed.
Prevention
Recurrent aphthous ulcer prevention
Look for recurrence incentives to avoid and reduce the triggering of predisposing factors.
1. Eat less spicy or irritating foods, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits and foods rich in vitamins to keep the stool smooth.
2. Eliminate alcohol and tobacco, avoid overwork and tension, have regular living and ensure adequate sleep.
3. Women should pay attention to rest before and after menstruation, keep a good mood and avoid excessive fatigue.
4. Maintain oral hygiene, remove tartar in time, remove stimulating factors such as poor prosthesis, residual root and crown.
Complication
Recurrent aphthous ulcer complications Complications
Severe patients may have systemic symptoms such as headache, fever, and localized lymphadenopathy.
Symptom
Symptoms of recurrent aphthous ulcers common symptoms fever lymph nodes swollen tongue sores leukocytosis edema
Recurrent oral ulcer is a recurrent round or oval ulcer with "yellow, red, concave, pain" characteristics, that is, the damaged surface is covered with yellow or grayish white pseudomembrane; there is a congestive red halo band of about 1 mm in the periphery; The base is soft; the burning pain is obvious. The seizure cycle lasts for several days or months and has self-limiting incompatibility. There are many clinical classifications. Some people have listed Behcet's syndrome. In recent years, they have recognized that the latter's pathogenesis, basic pathological changes, and outcomes and prognosis are characteristic. Therefore, it is considered that Behcet's syndrome should not be drawn. Classified as a recurrent oral ulcer. Currently recognized as three types: light, heavy and herpes-like ulcers.
Examine
Examination of recurrent aphthous ulcer
No specific laboratory test indicators and pathological examination basis. Some auxiliary examinations, such as blood cell analysis, immune function tests, trace elements, etc., have certain auxiliary significance for diagnosis. Under normal circumstances, the focus is on oral examination. If the duration of oral ulcers is long or the accompanying symptoms of other diseases, the primary disease should also be examined.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of recurrent aphthous ulcer
Severe recurrent oral ulcers should be differentiated from cancerous ulcers, tuberculous ulcers, traumatic ulcers, and necrotizing parotid metaplasia:
First, cancerous ulcer
Identification method: more common in the elderly, ulcers are irregular, can be cauliflower-like, marginal valgus, invasive induration on the base, no obvious pain, long course of disease, long-term unhealed or gradually enlarged, cancerous cells and tissues can be seen in the disease.
Second, tuberculous ulcer
Identification method: irregular shape, base dark red mulberry-like granulation tissue hyperplasia, ulcers prolonged unhealed, pathological examination see characteristic tuberculous nodules or tuberculous granuloma.
Third, traumatic ulcer
Identification method: There are obvious local irritative factors and the location and shape of the ulcer are consistent with the stimulating factors. The ulcer will heal quickly after the stimulation, but if it is allowed to develop, it may be cancerous.
Fourth, necrotizing parotid metaplasia
Identification: male more common, ulcers deep and bone surface, the edge can be bulged, the bottom has granulation tissue, occurs in the hard palate, soft and hard sputum junction, pathological manifestations of small parotid necrosis, the patient's general condition is better.
5. Herpes-like recurrent oral ulcer should be differentiated from oral mucosa herpes simplex
6. Herpes simplex
Identification method: It occurs in infants and young children. In the early stage, clusters of small blisters are the main manifestations. After the blisters break, they will merge into larger erosion surfaces or irregular ulcers. Recurrence has a clear relationship with the cause. Pre-recurring symptoms such as sore throat and fatigue are often accompanied by obvious general malaise during the onset.
