gastroenteritis in children
Introduction
Introduction to Pediatric Gastroenteritis The main cause of gastroenteritis in children: viruses, bacteria. Clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and the like. The disease is usually diagnosed according to the symptoms. If the symptoms are severe or persistent, stool culture can be used to detect bacteria, viruses or parasites. Patients suspected of severe dehydration should be monitored for electrolyte and renal function. Enteritis caused by bacteria is more serious, and common bacteria include Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and the like. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 60% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: digestive tract spread Complications: diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal bleeding
Cause
Pediatric gastroenteritis
Bacterial infection (30%):
Eat unclean Dongji, the most bacterial sputum, such as red bacillus, pathogenic coliform, Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus. Salmonella, etc., this disease occurs mostly between May and June. Viral viruses are also the main cause of pediatric enteritis, such as poliovirus. Epidemic hepatitis viruses and other viruses with unknown causes can cause epidemic sputum. It is prevalent in the period from September to October every year, mostly caused by a viral strain.
Oral antibiotics (20%):
Some antibiotics can cause sputum in the intestine, and some antibiotics inhibit the development of normal intestinal tube clusters, causing pathogenic bacteria to grow excessively and squat.
Weak resistance (10%):
Children may also suffer from diarrhea in the presence of otitis media, pneumonia or pyelonephritis due to weak resistance.
Diet (15%):
Milk, fat or starch that is indigestion, overeating, or too concentrated in the diet can cause indigestion and squatting.
Prevention
Pediatric gastroenteritis prevention
Prevention of pediatric enteritis
First, pay attention to household hygiene, loading screens, fighting flies, cockroaches, and environmental cleanliness.
Second, avoid bringing children to public places.
Third, avoid eating cold and unclean things.
Fourth, the children's food utensils pay attention to safety and cleanliness.
5. Isolate the patient and handle its excretion carefully.
6. Carry out personal hygiene education for children, and guide them to wash their hands frequently and cultivate good health habits.
Complication
Pediatric gastroenteritis complications Complications, diarrhea, dysentery, gastrointestinal bleeding
Mainly manifested as stomach pain, stomach acid, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain, falling, diarrhea, fever, pus and bloody stools and other symptoms, severe cases can also cause gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, induced cancer, such as gastric cancer, colon cancer. Therefore, we can't be paralyzed in our daily life, and we must check early and treat early with gastrointestinal discomfort.
Symptom
Pediatric gastroenteritis symptoms common symptoms atherosclerotic diarrhea, diarrhea, dizziness, drainage, bloody stool, hyperthermia, abnormal breathing
First, mild: 5 to 8 times a day, a slight fever, no dehydration.
Second, moderate: more than 10 times a day stool, stool is watery, muddy, bacterial with mucus, pus or blood, commonly known as "dysentery." Dehydration, high fever; bacteria due to toxins, often cause paralysis, lethargy, shock, and even death.
Third, severe: one day stool more than 15 times, watery stools ejected, there are severe dehydration, that is, dry skin, eyeball depression, black circles, reduced urine, thirst, restlessness, in addition to blood acidity, breathing Discomfort, collapse, semi-conscious, etc. Due to the relationship between potassium deficiency and edema, there is intestinal paralysis. If not treated in time, the mortality rate can reach more than 30%.
Examine
Pediatric gastroenteritis examination
Fecal test: When you take a stool specimen, you usually need to go to the laboratory to get a small waxed paper box. At home, you can use a paper box or a plastic box. Prepare a clean wooden stick for the feces. If it is a watery sample, it can be dissolved in a clean potty and then poured into a clean bottle for inspection.
X-ray examination: X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract shows that the movement of the entire gastrointestinal tract is accelerated, the colonic pocket is deepened, the tension is enhanced, and sometimes the colonic sputum is present, and the line shadow is below the descending colon.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of gastroenteritis in children
diagnosis
According to clinical symptoms, vomiting, diarrhea, and stool water.
Differential diagnosis
Staphylococcus aureus enteritis: occurs after oral administration of a large number of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The main symptoms are vomiting, fever, diarrhea, daily stool 10-20 times, initially yellow-green, after 3-4 days, turned into a dark green watery stool, with a stench. The patient's water loss is severe, electrolyte imbalance, and even shock.
Pathogenic E. coli enteritis: May-August is the peak of the disease, mostly for infants within 3-6 months. The main symptoms are vomiting, low fever, diarrhea, and the color of the yellow is egg-like soup, accompanied by mucus, and occasionally bloodshot, odor. In severe cases, there is significant dehydration and acidosis.
Viral enteritis: the age of good hair is less than 2 years old, the symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, fever, more than half of the children with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, viral enteritis fecal specimens can be detected under electron microscope.
Yersinia enteritis: There are 5 types, commonly known as gastroenteritis, with an incubation period of about 10 days, which occurs in children under 5 years old. The main symptoms are diarrhea and thin water, accompanied by abdominal pain and fever, and the course of disease is 3-14 days. The feces are cultured with Yarrowia.
Fungal enteritis: mostly due to long-term application of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The main symptoms are yellow diarrhea in diarrhea, more than 3 times a day, sometimes in the form of bean curd, with foam and mucus. Fungal spores and hyphae can be seen in laboratory fecal tests.
