Pediatric cerebral hemisphere glioma
Introduction
Introduction to pediatric cerebral hemisphere glioma Children's cerebral hemisphere glioma (gliomaofcerebralhemisphereinchildhood) is relatively rare in adults, involving one or both sides of the cerebral hemisphere, and the brain stem can be involved in the late stage. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hemiplegia, aphasia, optic atrophy
Cause
Pediatric cerebral hemisphere glioma etiology
(1) Causes of the disease
Tumors occupy a single brain lobe, accounting for half of the frontal lobe, the most common frontal lobe, the apical leaf is rare, the occipital lobe is rare, and the top of the cerebral lobe is most common. Hoffman et al. (1982) reported the histology of hemispheric glioma. The type is astrocytoma (64%), glioblastoma multiforme (10%), ependymoma (10.9%) and oligodendroglioma (0.9%), but this group of statistics is based on glue Maternal tumors account for the first place.
(two) pathogenesis
Diffuse tumor growth, no borders with brain tissue, cortex is also widely involved, tumor cells resemble fibroblastic astrocytoma, but different degrees of differentiation, with glioblastoma components, can be combined with tuberous sclerosis, multiple sclerosis And neurofibromatosis, tumor malignancy II ~ IV.
Prevention
Pediatric cerebral hemisphere glioma prevention
Refer to the general tumor prevention methods, understand the risk factors of tumors, and formulate corresponding prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of tumors. There are two basic clues to prevent tumors. Even if tumors have begun to form in the body, they can help the body to improve resistance. These strategies are as follows:
1. Avoid harmful substances (promoting factors)
It is able to help us avoid or minimize exposure to harmful substances.
Some related factors of tumorigenesis are prevented before the onset, and many cancers can be prevented before they are formed. A report in the United States in 1988 compared the international malignant tumors in detail and proposed many external factors of known malignant tumors. In principle, it can be prevented, that is, about 80% of malignant tumors can be prevented by simple lifestyle changes, and traced back. In 1969, Dr. Higginson's research concluded that 90% of malignant tumors are caused by environmental factors," "Environmental factors", "lifestyle" refers to the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we choose to make, the habits of activities, and social relationships.
2. Improve the body's immunity against tumors
Can help to strengthen and strengthen the body's immune system and cancer.
The focus of our current cancer prevention efforts should first focus on and improve those factors that are closely related to our lives, such as quitting smoking, eating properly, exercising regularly, and losing weight. Anyone who follows these simple and reasonable lifestyles can Reduce the chance of cancer.
Promote the body's immunity against cancer: The most important thing to improve the function of the immune system is: diet, exercise and control troubles, healthy lifestyle choices can help us stay away from cancer, maintain good emotional state and appropriate physical exercise can make the body The immune system is at its best, and it is also good for preventing tumors and preventing other diseases. In addition, studies have shown that appropriate activities not only enhance the body's immune system, but also reduce the incidence of colon cancer by increasing the peristalsis of the human intestinal system. Here we mainly understand some of the problems of diet in preventing tumors.
Human epidemiology and animal studies have shown that vitamin A plays an important role in reducing the risk of cancer. Vitamin A supports normal mucosa and vision. It directly or indirectly participates in most of the body's tissue functions. Vitamin A is present in animal tissues. In the liver, whole eggs and whole milk, the plant is in the form of -carotene and carotenoids, which can be converted into vitamin A in the human body. Excessive intake of vitamin A can cause adverse reactions in the body and -carrot This is not the case with carotenoids, and the low vitamin A content in the blood increases the risk of malignant tumors. Studies have shown that those with low levels of vitamin A intake in the blood increase the likelihood of lung cancer, while those with low blood levels in smokers Levels of vitamin A ingestors have the potential to double lung cancer. Vitamin A and its mixture can help remove free radicals in the body (free radicals can cause damage to genetic material), and secondly stimulate the immune system and help differentiate cells in the body. Ordered tissue (while the tumor is characterized by disorder), some theories suggest that vitamin A can help early carcinogens Invasion mutated cells become reversed the occurrence of the normal growth of cells.
In addition, some studies suggest that supplementation with -carotene alone does not reduce the risk of cancer, but rather increases the incidence of lung cancer. However, when -carotene binds to vitamin C, E and other antitoxin substances, its protective effect. It is shown, because it can increase free radicals in the body when it is consumed by itself. In addition, there are interactions between different vitamins. Both human and mouse studies have shown that the use of -carotene can reduce 40% of vitamins in the body. At E-level, a safer strategy is to eat different foods to maintain a balanced vitamin to protect against cancer, as some protective factors have not been discovered so far.
Vitamin C, E is another anti-tumor substance that prevents the harm of carcinogens such as nitrosamines in food. Vitamin C protects sperm from genetic damage and reduces the risk of leukemia, kidney cancer and brain tumors in their offspring. Vitamin E can reduce the risk of skin cancer. Vitamin E has the same anti-tumor effect as vitamin C. It is a scavenger that protects against toxins and scavenges free radicals. The combination of vitamins A, C and E protects the body against toxins. Better than applying it alone.
At present, research on phytochemistry has attracted widespread attention. Phytochemistry is a chemical found in plants, including vitamins and other substances found in plants. Thousands of plant chemicals have been found, many of which have anticancer properties. The protective mechanism of these chemicals not only reduces the activity of carcinogens but also enhances the body's immunity against carcinogens. Most plants provide antioxidant activity that exceeds the protective effects of vitamins A, C, and E, such as a cup of cabbage. Contains 50mg of vitamin C and 13U of vitamin E, but its antioxidant activity is equivalent to the antioxidant activity of 800mg of vitamin C and 1100u of vitamin E. It can be inferred that the antioxidant effect in fruits and vegetables is far better than what we know. The effect of vitamins is strong, and no doubt natural plant products will help prevent cancer in the future.
Complication
Pediatric cerebral hemisphere glioma complications Complications, cerebral epilepsy, hemiplegia, aphasia, optic atrophy
Can occur cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hemiplegia, aphasia, neuroendocrine abnormalities, optic atrophy and cerebellar symptoms.
Symptom
Pediatric cerebral hemisphere glioma symptoms Common symptoms Increased intracranial pressure epilepsy and epileptic seizures
Children's cerebral hemisphere glioma has two characteristics: first, a long history, an average of 1 year, glioblastoma is relatively short (average 8 months), and second, some patients with clinical manifestations of acute onset or sudden symptoms Aggravation, increased intracranial pressure and focal symptoms are two manifestations of cerebral hemisphere glioma in children, the latter mostly manifested as seizures (50% incidence, mostly first symptoms); limb dyskinesia; aphasia and spirit Symptoms (sluggish, apathy or abnormal behavior), partial sensory disturbances are relatively rare.
Examine
Examination of cerebral hemisphere glioma in children
In general, no specific examination found that some children may have endocrine abnormalities.
1. EEG examination: It is mostly used for authors with epilepsy. It can be seen that there are focal or diffuse spikes in the lesion area, slow wave and slow-synchronous wave.
2. Skull X-ray examination: mainly for signs of intracranial hypertension, pathological calcification can be seen in oligodendrocyte tumors.
3. CT examination: more manifested as low-density or iso-density lesions in the deep part of the hemisphere, may have cystic and necrotic hemorrhage, calcification of oligodendrocyte tumors, occupying effect and surrounding edema zone, low-grade tumors may not be strengthened, but There are many irregular enhancements in oligoblastoma and glioblastoma.
4. MRI examination: Most tumors have long T1 and long T2 signals, and the boundary is unclear. It is not easy to distinguish from surrounding edema. Enhanced scanning can help to define the tumor and the surrounding structure.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of cerebral hemisphere glioma in children
diagnosis
Diagnosis based on clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination results.
Differential diagnosis
Different from other intracranial tumors.
