Mycobacterium infection in marine fish
Introduction
Introduction to Mycobacterium marinum infection Mycobacterium mucinum infection is a skin disease caused by the intrusion of mycobacterium murinum from human skin when humans are exposed to sea water or fresh water. The pathogenesis is still unclear. More common in children and young people, skin lesions occur in the elbow, knees, hands and feet, finger toes, squats, calves and other limbs are vulnerable to trauma, elbow lesions are the most common, accounting for more than 70%. Local injury within 3 to 4 weeks, small, mostly single red papules, slowly grow to form 1 ~ 2cm red or purple small nodules, very few can be broken to form superficial ulcers, anti-tuberculosis drugs are invalid. Generally it can be resolved by itself within 2 to 3 years. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.3% - 0.5% Susceptible people: more common in children and youth Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: sepsis
Cause
Causes of Mycobacterium marinum infection
1. Early skin lesions: Inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes, neutrophils and histiocytes in the dermis, which may have epidermal hyperkeratosis and thick spine.
2. Old skin lesions: granuloma reaction in the dermis, can invade the subcutaneous tissue, forming typical tuberculous nodules, but no caseous necrosis, acid-fast bacilli can sometimes be found in tissue cells, longer and thicker than tuberculosis, common cross arrangement.
Prevention
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection prevention
Prevention should be based on the cause of the disease, avoid swimming in high-risk sea areas, and actively disinfect the water source suspected of being contaminated with M. marinum. Chlorine disinfection can reduce or avoid Mycobacterium marinum infection.
Complication
Complications of Mycobacterium marinum infection Complications sepsis
Because the disease mainly causes skin damage and damages skin integrity, it can induce skin bacterial infection or fungal infection, usually secondary to low body constitution, or long-term use of immunosuppressants and fungal infections such as onychomycosis, such as Concurrent bacterial infections may have symptoms such as fever, swelling of the skin, ulceration, and purulent secretion. Severe cases can lead to sepsis, which should be brought to the attention of clinicians.
Symptom
Mycobacterium marinum infection symptoms common symptoms nodular papule granuloma
More common in children and young people, skin lesions occur in the elbow, knees, hands and feet, fingers, toes, calves and other limbs are vulnerable to trauma, elbow lesions are the most common, accounting for more than 70%, local injuries within 3 to 4 weeks Small red papules appear, slowly grow up to form 1~2cm red or purple nodules, consciously not painful, but there are painful, very few can be ulcerated to form superficial ulcers, skin lesions are mostly single, there are many At the same time, multiple skin lesions are caused by infection, which are arranged along the lymphatic vessels. There is usually no localized lymphangitis and obvious lymphadenopathy, and there is no ulceration. The skin lesions can heal naturally within a few months to 3 years. According to the annual case, the old skin lesions may be warts or scars, no systemic symptoms, positive tuberculin test, and most patients have no persistent immunity.
Examine
Examination of Mycobacterium marinum infection
1. Early skin lesions: Inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes, neutrophils and histiocytes in the dermis, which may have epidermal hyperkeratosis and thick spine.
2. Old skin lesions: granuloma reaction in the dermis, can invade the subcutaneous tissue, forming typical tuberculous nodules, but no caseous necrosis, acid-fast bacilli can sometimes be found in tissue cells, longer and thicker than tuberculosis, common cross arrangement.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of Mycobacterium marinum infection
Chronic granuloma is formed after trauma, tuberculin reaction is positive, and tissue sections or smears are positive for acid-fast staining. The diagnosis is required for culture and animal inoculation test.
