Inorganic Phosphorus Poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to inorganic phosphorus poisoning Inorganic phosphorus is widely used in the manufacture of matches, fireworks, firecracker signal bullets, certain synthetic dyes, artificial phosphate fertilizers, rodenticides and medical drugs. Phosphorus old-type matchheads contain yellow phosphorus, which is highly toxic. Suffering from vomit and fecal blood in patients with phosphorus, and even a large amount of hematemesis, coma, shock, and death within 1 to 2 days. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% - 0.04% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: coma, coma, hematuria, proteinuria
Cause
Causes of inorganic phosphorus poisoning
The poisoning of this product is mostly caused by misuse. The common mistakes of inorganic phosphorus preparations are yellow phosphorus and zinc phosphide.
Yellow phosphorus has severe toxicity, the minimum lethal dose to adults is about 60-100 mg, and the lethal dose of zinc phosphide is about 40 mg/kg.
1. After the yellow phosphorus enters the human body, its toxicological effect is to destroy the function of the enzyme in the cell, mainly causing damage to the liver, heart, kidney and other parenchymal organs, causing steatosis such as the above organs and striated muscles, peripheral circulatory failure, and bone dislocation. Calcium and bleeding. In addition, yellow phosphorus can cause strong burns and corrosion on the skin and mucous membranes, and can absorb poisoning through the wound surface.
2, zinc phosphide enters the body and the action of gastric acid produces phosphine and zinc chloride, both of which have stimulating and corrosive effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing inflammation, congestion, ulcers and bleeding. The phosphine produced by it acts on cellular enzymes, affecting cell metabolism, causing internal suffocation of cells, so that central nervous system, respiratory, cardiovascular system, liver and kidney functions are affected, and the central nervous system suffers the earliest and most weight.
3, children poisoning due to accidental use of phosphorus-containing rodenticides such as zinc phosphide (zinc phosphide), occasionally caused by the consumption of yellow phosphorus containing match head; if you chew a lot of phosphide or red phosphorus matchbox On the side, symptoms of poisoning may also occur, and red phosphorus generally contains 0.6% to 1% of yellow phosphorus. Very few due to inhalation of yellow phosphorus fumes or phosphine poisoning.
Prevention
Inorganic phosphorus poisoning prevention
Do not let children play with matches, rodenticides should be marked, placed at the side of the rat hole at night, taken away during the day, so as not to prevent children from eating too much; the used rodenticides should be properly collected, educate children not to use phosphine, etc. Fumigation place to play.
Complication
Inorganic phosphorus poisoning complications Complications, coma, coma, hematuria, proteinuria
Severe cases of acute liver necrosis, liver failure, hepatic coma, may be associated with kidney damage, hematuria, proteinuria, tubular urine, oliguria, urinary retention, elevated blood urea nitrogen and other renal dysfunction or failure, except liver, kidney In addition to damage, it can also affect other organs.
Symptom
Symptoms of inorganic phosphorus poisoning Common symptoms Gastrointestinal symptoms Dyspnea diarrhea Liver enlargement Heart jaundice Abdominal pain Renal failure Blood pressure drop
1. Ingestion of phosphide (such as zinc phosphide), in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary edema, jaundice, etc., and neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, convulsions, confusion, coma And symptoms of the circulatory system such as palpitations, decreased blood pressure, slow heart rhythm and myocardial damage.
2. Within half an hour to several hours after eating a match with yellow phosphorus or other phosphorus-containing preparations, there is burning pain in the mouth, esophagus and stomach, and nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomit and feces are present. Garlic smell, fluorescent in the dark. Mild disease can gradually recover in 1 week, 'severe patients with vomit and fecal blood, and even a large amount of hematemesis, can occur in 1 to 2 days of coma, shock, leading to death.
3, when the amount of misuse is very large, shock can occur quickly without obvious vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea.
4, some patients may have symptoms of absorption poisoning after 1 to 3 days of symptoms improve, re-spit, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea may be bloody, liver enlargement, jaundice, nasal and subcutaneous bleeding, severe cases occur Difficulty breathing, paralysis, liver and kidney failure, paralysis, blood pressure drop, coma, etc., can die within 1 to 3 weeks. A small number of patients may have perforation due to corrosion in the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract.
5, inhalation of a large amount of yellow phosphorus fumes or phosphine, the patient has difficulty breathing within ten minutes, followed by pulmonary edema and other symptoms, can die in a short period of time.
Examine
Inspection of inorganic phosphorus poisoning
Inspection items include:
1, vomit and fecal abnormalities. Phosphorus can be detected and phosphorescence can be emitted at night or in the dark.
2, blood routine examination. It can be seen that white blood cells and thrombocytopenia and blood sugar are lowered.
3, blood biochemistry. It can be seen that cholesterol, bilirubin, phosphorus, calcium, etc. increase, prothrombin is reduced, and clotting time is prolonged.
4, urine routine. The amount of urine is small, and proteins, red blood cells, and casts may appear.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of inorganic phosphorus poisoning
It can be diagnosed based on medical history, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests.
Acute poisoning should be differentiated from acute hepatitis, kidney disease caused by viral hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis and other toxicants.
