lymphoma
Introduction
Introduction to lymphoma Malignant lymphoma, also known as "lymphoma", is a malignant tumor originating from lymph nodes or other lymphoid tissues. It is one of the top ten malignant tumors in China. The disease is more common in young, young, more male than female. According to the different cell components, the disease can be divided into two major categories: Jay's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The degree of malignancy is different. It is caused by the malignant proliferation of the lymphoid tissue cell system and occurs mostly in the lymph nodes. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.002% - 0.005% Susceptible people: more common in young and middle-aged men Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: abdominal pain, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, pruritus, pruritus, dysphagia, malabsorption syndrome
Cause
Lymphoma cause
Long-term dietary structure, lifestyle and other factors cause excessive acidification of the body, the body's overall function rapidly declines, causing kidney deficiency, liver and kidney homology, kidney deficiency and liver deficiency, which in turn causes the body's metabolic cycle to slow down, blood gas stagnation, the body produces a lot of acidity Garbage, when some endogenous diseases will appear, a large amount of acid waste will accumulate in the lymphoid cell system, and the tissue cells will become cancerous. Because the body tissue fluid is acidified, the lymphoid tissue cells are in acidic body fluids, and the lymphocyte tissue cells are reduced in dissolved oxygen, resulting in decreased cell activity, slowing down the metabolic cycle, and falling to a normal value of 65%, normal cells cannot survive. However, there are also cells that change the chromosomes to take the initiative to mutate, the phenotype of the cells changes, the tumor traits are expressed, and these cells rapidly expand to form a true tumor entity. In addition, due to the acidification of the body, other tissues of the body become cancerous, and because of the decline of lymphoid cell system function, lymphoid tissue cells acidify, cancer cells sneak into, resulting in lymphoma.
1. Low immune function such as AIDS, organ transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.;
2, viral infections such as HTLV, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, etc.;
3. Chemical carcinogens such as pesticides and hair dyes;
4. Others such as radiation exposure and treatment with Hodgkin's disease.
Prevention
Lymphoma prevention
1, have a good attitude to deal with stress, work and rest, do not fatigue, visible pressure is an important cause of cancer, Chinese medicine believes that stress leads to overworked body and thus caused by decreased immune function, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders in the body, leading to acidic substances in the body Deposition; stress can also lead to mental stress causing qi stagnation and blood stasis, poisonous fire invagination and so on.
2, strengthen physical exercise, enhance physical fitness, and more exercise in the sun, more sweat can excrete acidic substances in the body with sweat to avoid the formation of acidic physique.
3, life should be regular, people with irregular living habits, such as singing karaoke all night, playing mahjong, no return to life, etc., will increase the body acidification, easy to suffer from cancer, should develop good habits, and thus remain weak Alkaline constitution, so that a variety of cancer diseases away from themselves.
4, do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry, eggs, moldy food, etc., to eat some green organic food, to prevent disease from mouth.
Complication
Lymphoma complications Complications abdominal pain diarrhea intestinal obstruction pruritus pruritus dysphagia malabsorption syndrome
Common complications are:
1, the gastrointestinal tract:
Loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction and bleeding.
2, liver and gallbladder:
Invasion of the liver parenchyma can cause pain in the liver area.
3, bones:
Clinical manifestations include local bone pain and secondary nerve compression symptoms.
4, skin:
Non-specific lesions are common with pruritus and pruritus, and pruritus is more common in Hodgkin's disease (85%).
5, tonsil and mouth, nose, throat:
Lymphoma invasion of the mouth, nose, pharynx, clinical dysphagia, nasal congestion, nasal discharge.
6, other:
Lymphoma can still infiltrate the pancreas and develop malabsorption syndrome.
Symptom
Lymphatic cancer symptoms Common symptoms Lymph node enlargement Unexplained fever Fever hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Night sweats Lymph node Degeneration Skinny Skin Itching Wechsler Ring
Clinical manifestations:
1, the main symptoms or signs of malignant lymphoma is superficial lymph node painless swelling, Hodgkin's disease usually has cervical or supraclavicular lymph node involvement, NHL in addition to the upper and lower lymph nodes, after careful clinical examination. Other lymphoid tissue sites such as the trochlear, orbital lymph nodes and the Wechsler ring were found to be invaded.
2, there may be symptoms of fever, night sweats or weight loss.
3, skin itching is more common in Hodgkin's disease than NHL, usually treated with antihistamine drugs.
4. The patient occasionally has pain after drinking, and the pain is limited to the affected area.
5, in addition to lymphadenopathy, physical examination can still be found splenomegaly, and patients with splenomegaly often have hepatomegaly, advanced patients with mediastinal lymph nodes may appear upper vena cava blocked.
Examine
Lymphoma examination
1, blood routine examination, including hemoglobin, white blood cell count and classification, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
2, blood chemistry examination, including urea nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, creatinine, sputum phosphatase, total protein and albumin, globulin, transaminase and transpeptidase determination.
3. Serum immunoglobulin examination.
4, urine routine examination.
5, sacral puncture smear or biopsy.
6, radiological examination: chest positive lateral x-ray film and double lower limb lymphography.
7, pathological examination: lymph nodes, skin biopsy and liver biopsy if necessary.
8. Cellular immunological examination: E rosette, lymphocyte transformation, macrophage test, skin test, etc.
9, abdominal B-ultrasound or CT scan, MRI and gastrointestinal barium meal perspective.
10, open exploration only in selected cases, especially for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma should be more careful.
Diagnosis
Lymphoma diagnosis and differentiation
diagnosis
The diagnosis is confirmed by cell diagnosis and detailed examination of the whole body.
1, detailed medical history, including the first symptom, the time of lymphadenopathy and the subsequent increase rate, with or without systemic symptoms, such as fever, night sweats, itchy skin, weight loss, etc., non-Hodgkin lymphoma should ask whether there is digestion Symptoms and so on.
2, signs
(1) Whether the superficial lymph nodes of the whole body are swollen, whether the skin and accessories are invaded, should pay attention to whether the pharyngeal lymphatic ring, breast, testis, etc. are invaded.
(2) Other venous or lymphatic drainage is blocked, tracheal compression, superior vena cava syndrome, etc.
3. Cell diagnosis and tissue biopsy.
The exact diagnosis of malignant lymphoma is obtained by the pathologist using a microscope to observe the tissue specimen taken from the lesion. For this reason, when the lymphoma is located on the skin, the skin is removed and the local lymph nodes are removed; the lymphoma is located in the gastrointestinal tract. At the time, the fiberscope is used to observe the tumor and to perform biopsy of part of the tumor to determine the diagnosis.
For non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, from low to high malignancy can be subdivided into 10 stages. There are two types of international classification and Japanese LSG classification, and the monoclonal antibody test can be divided into T. Both cell type and B cell type.
4, whole body examination
Once the pathological diagnosis of malignant lymphoma is confirmed, in order to understand the spread of the lesion, a systemic examination is needed. The lymph nodes on the surface can be measured by palpation. The retroperitoneal lymph nodes can be confirmed by CT and abdominal ultrasound diagnosis. CT and B-ultrasound are also The abnormalities of the abdominal organs such as the liver and the spleen can be clarified.
Radioactive isotope ray scanning can be used to detect potentially enlarged lymph nodes in the body. Lymphoma cells can be transferred to the whole body with blood flow. Therefore, bone marrow puncture examination is necessary to determine whether there is intramyocardial metastasis. In addition, Cases of infiltration of the Delal ring should go to the Otolaryngology examination, diagnosis, and X-ray examination of the stomach. When the lymph nodes are swollen in the digestive tract, the whole digestive tract should be examined from the stomach to the large intestine, or X-ray. Check, or do fiber endoscopy, when the lungs, liver, eyes, brain, testicles and other organs find the lesions, it is necessary to consult with the specialists of the relevant organs.
5, laboratory inspection
Diagnosis of lymphoma
In daily life, regular physical examination, often pay attention to your body with signs of brain cancer, if there are some reactions to find out what is the cause of discomfort, to diagnose whether the brain cancer needs to go to the hospital to do specific Check, see your blood test indicators, CEA, CA125, do MRI and other tests to confirm the diagnosis.
The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma includes two aspects: one is to confirm the type of lymphoma, that is, to confirm the diagnosis; the other is to determine the location and extent of the lesion, that is, the clinical stage, other tests still have blood, urine routine, liver and kidney function, Blood biochemical examination, X-ray examination, B-ultrasound examination, CT examination, MRI examination, lower limb lymphography, 67Ga scan and other examinations.
If the diagnosis is lymphoma, don't panic at first, be sure to judge how to treat according to the specific situation, and conduct multi-faceted consultation.
Differential diagnosis
The disease should be differentiated from lymph node tuberculosis, other inflammatory lymphadenitis, large lymph node hyperplasia and lymph node metastasis of other malignant tumors.
Lymphoma is divided into two types
1. There are two types of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: B cells [B lymph nodes]; T cells [T lymph nodes]:
Each of the above types is divided into two types:
(1) Chronic lymphoma - growth rate is very slow.
(2) Invasive lymphoma - rapid growth.
These two terms are often used when a doctor explains lymphoma.
2. He Jiejin's lymphoma:
It is very similar to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, but it is still different. For example, a abnormal cell in the patient's body - called Reed-Sternberg, is different. JJ's lymphoma, the order in which such cancer cells spread in the body is more orderly.
