Sulphur dioxide poisoning
Introduction
Introduction to sulfur dioxide poisoning Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless, highly water-soluble, pungent irritating gas that is heavier than air. Widely used in industry, it is a by-product of sulfur ore, paper industry, fossil fuel combustion, and also a common pollutant in the atmosphere. When the concentration of sulfur dioxide is 1.5mg/m3, it can be detected. When the concentration is 1.8-3.0mg/m3, it stimulates the nasal cavity and throat. The slightly high concentration causes obvious upper respiratory discomfort and persistent cough. Acute poisoning is rare and can cause chlorine gas. Similar clinical symptoms of poisoning. Relatively low concentrations of sulfur dioxide (3.0 to 150 mg/m3) are mostly deposited in the nasopharynx and throat. Because of its high water solubility, exposure to 18-30 mg/m3 of sulphur dioxide can cause severe conjunctival and upper respiratory tract mucosal irritation. Exposure to higher concentrations of sulphur dioxide can cause damage to the larynx, trachea, distal airways and alveoli, stimulating mucosa Secretion, causing bronchospasm, and even pulmonary edema. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0004% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: bronchial pneumonia pulmonary edema respiratory failure
Cause
Causes of sulfur dioxide poisoning
Environmental factors (90%)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless, highly water-soluble, pungent gas with a pungent odor. It is heavier than air and is widely used in industry. It is a by-product of sulfur ore, paper industry, fossil fuel combustion, and a common pollutant in the atmosphere. Anyone who is exposed to a higher concentration of sulfur dioxide can cause illness.
Pathogenesis
Sulfur dioxide is an irritating gas. Due to its high solubility, it contacts the water in the upper respiratory tract to form sulfuric acid and sulfurous acid, causing mucosal damage and causing a series of clinical symptoms.
Prevention
Sulfur dioxide poisoning prevention
1. Strengthen safety education, improve operational procedures, and regularly inspect production equipment to prevent run, run, drip, leak, and enhance ventilation.
2. Pay more attention to safety and personal protection during transportation.
Complication
Sulfur dioxide poisoning complications Complications, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary edema, respiratory failure
Concurrent bronchial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, respiratory failure.
Symptom
Symptoms of sulfur dioxide poisoning Common symptoms Respiratory failure, dry cough, two lungs, full of miliary shadows, chest tightness, difficulty breathing
Symptoms of human exposure to sulfur dioxide can be divided into two-phase reactions. Immediate reactions include irritation and burns to the eyes, nose and throat, and tight chest tension, shortness of breath and dry cough, manifested as conjunctivitis, corneal burns, erythematous pharyngitis, chest Auscultation may have a voice, exposure to high concentrations of sulfur dioxide can cause acute pulmonary edema and death within a few hours, acute phase survival patients produce respiratory symptoms of the second phase 2 to 3 weeks after poisoning, patients may be due to diffuse lung Infiltration and respiratory failure, some patients may have persistent airflow obstruction.
Examine
Inspection of sulfur dioxide poisoning
Blood routine examination: It is a basic physical examination item in the whole physical examination. Its significance is that early signs of many systemic diseases can be found. When sulfur dioxide is poisoned, peripheral blood shows an increase in white blood cell count (WBC).
Urine routine examination: a preliminary examination that can not be ignored in the clinic. Many kidney lesions can be formed in proteinuria or urine sediment in the early stage. Once a urine abnormality is found, it is often the first indication of a kidney or urinary tract disease and is often an important clue to the nature of the pathological process.
Pleural effusion examination: pleural effusion examination is suitable for patients with pleural effusion, empyema, hemorrhagic symptoms or symptoms of poisoning.
Other auxiliary examinations: chest fluoroscopy, mammography, chest radiographs can be normal when the condition is mild, or pulmonary interstitial changes and (or) changes in lung parenchyma.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of sulfur dioxide poisoning
1. The medical history has a clear history of exposure to sulfur dioxide.
2. According to clinical manifestations, there are sneezing, tearing, dry cough, headache, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, etc. can be diagnosed. It should be differentiated from acute laryngitis, bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia caused by other causes.
Acute laryngitis: a careful history of the patient, who usually hoarse after a cold, fatigue or resistance, or after the above-mentioned causes, or / and throat swelling, cough, increased throat secretion, or with systemic symptoms Indirect laryngoscopy, fiber laryngoscopy or electronic laryngoscopy can be seen in vocal cord congestion, edema, laryngeal mucosa also congestion and swelling, vocal cord movement is good, closed gap, the diagnosis of acute laryngitis is basically established.
Trachea, bronchitis: basically the same as acute laryngitis, but the condition is more serious, the extent of inflammation goes deep into the lower respiratory tract, and the symptoms of the lungs are also obvious. If the endocrine secretions of the bronchus form a dry phlegm and block the lower part of the bronchus, the breathing difficulties may be aggravated.
