polyrchidism
Introduction
Introduction to multiple testis Multiple testicular disease is very rare, in addition to the two normal testes in the scrotum, there is one or more additional testicles in one side of the scrotum. The extra testicular of the testis may have a normal epididymis and vas deferens, and the ability to produce sperm, or an epididymis and vas deferens together with the normal testis. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.0001% Susceptible people: male Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: inguinal hernia
Cause
Cause of multiple testis
(1) Causes of the disease
The occurrence of multiple testes may be caused by the embryonic genital warts in the process of deriving into testes, which is caused by some factors that cause early embryonic genital epithelial cell line division.
(two) pathogenesis
In many cases, there are rarely more than 3 testes in the testis. In China, only Zhao Guangmin reported that there were 4 patients with testicular malformations. In 1925, Holder reported that there were not only 5 testes, but also 3 scrotums, including 2 normal scrotums. And testes, an immature scrotum and testicular patients, multiple testes often on the left side, can be an appendage in the scrotum, confirmed by histological examination, Meban reported 37 cases, 21 cases on the left, Pelander In 53 patients with multiple testicular disease, 15% of the ipsilateral testis was cryptorchidism. In most cases, the extra testicles had decreased and an asymptomatic mass was located in the scrotum.
Prevention
Multiple testicular prevention
No precautions can be found through genital examinations.
Complication
Multiple testicular complications Complications inguinal hernia
Can be complicated by epididymal mass, inguinal hernia.
Symptom
Symptoms of multiple testosterone Common symptoms Pain or bulge in the reclamation area
Most patients do not have any symptoms, but they are accidentally discovered. Fertility is generally normal. However, when the third testicle is malignant or reversed, it needs to be treated promptly. In most cases, it will be accompanied by paralysis or hypoplasia, with epididymis and vas deferens. The third testicle may also be a cause of fertility after vasectomy.
Examine
Examination of multiple testis
1. B-ultrasound: The position of multiple testis can be examined, but usually the positive rate is low.
2. Surgical exploration: It can be found whether the scrotum or groin mass is testicular, or when the bilateral cryptorchidism is diagnosed, three or more testes are found in the abdominal cavity.
3. Histological examination: the mass should be confirmed by histology.
Diagnosis
Multiple testis diagnosis
Patients with multiple testicular are generally asymptomatic, often treated with sputum or extra testicular torsion, scrotal hernia and abnormal mass. Modern ultrasound and nuclear magnetic diagnosis can be very clear, even without surgical exploration and pathological diagnosis.
1. Epididymal mass: The testicular mass in the scrotum is difficult to distinguish from the extra testicles, often through surgical exploration, and histological examination can be identified.
2. Inguinal hernia: Inguinal hernia is a reversible mass, B-ultrasound can be found that the contents of the mass are intestines, and the incarceration of the oblique tendon is often difficult to identify with additional testicular torsion, especially when multiple testiculars are combined with oblique hernia. Surgical exploration can be differentiated from multiple testicular disease.
