multiple macular hyperpigmentation
Introduction
Introduction to multiple plaque pigmentation Multiple plaque pigmentation (pigmentationmacularismultiplex) is an unexplained cause of multiple pigmentation spots in young people's trunk. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible people: more common in young men and women aged 10 to 30 Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: depression
Cause
Causes of multiple plaque pigmentation
The cause is unknown, and may have certain correlation with environmental factors, genetic factors, dietary factors, and maternal mood and nutrition during pregnancy.
Prevention
Multiple plaque pigmentation prevention
The cause has not been known so far. Most patients have morbidity, such as mental stimulation, overwork, long-term medication or surgery, which are similar to the causes of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Total digestive polyposis may be associated with inflammation, due to bacterial growth in the small intestine, lack of delayed type immune response, decreased plasma immunoglobulin IgM values, and normal immunoglobulin IgA values. Immunofluorescence showed a decrease in the production of IgA in the small intestine, while the number of cells producing IgG increased, possibly related to bacterial or viral infections. Due to the lack of disaccharidase, bacteria can convert long-lasting carbohydrates in the intestine into short-chain fatty acids and cause diarrhea due to their osmotic pressure.
The disease can be divided into 4 types: type I: with diarrhea as the initial symptom; type II: before all symptoms appear, there is a taste abnormality; type III: initial symptoms are hair loss, claw atrophy; type IV: first appetite Loss, body burnout, followed by atrophy of the nails, hair loss and abnormal taste, but no diarrhea.
Complication
Multiple plaque pigmentation complications Complications depression
The disease belongs to skin pigmentation, generally does not have malignant manifestations, and does not induce or directly cause other diseases due to the disease, so there is no clinical complications. However, due to the change of skin morphology, some patients with low psychological quality may be damaged by the beauty of the skin, and in the absence of communication, it may cause depression. Although it is rare in clinical practice, it should be alert.
Symptom
Symptoms of multiple leukoplakia common symptoms rash wheal skin dark spots nodular pigmentation spots
The disease is more common in young men and women between the ages of 10 and 30. The basic damage is multiple pigmentation spots, the nails are large, or oval, gray to grayish brown, the boundary is not clear, and the symmetry is roughly distributed on the trunk and the proximal extremities. Non-exposed areas.
Examine
Examination of multiple plaque pigmentation
Histopathology: The upper dermal layer of the dermis and the submucosal phagocytic cells increased, and the cell infiltration was often not obvious. There were sometimes a small number of lymphocytes and plasma cells around the blood vessels, and the melanin in the lower layer of the epidermis occasionally increased slightly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of multiple plaque pigmentation
An exclusionary diagnosis is required, first identifying the two diseases:
1. Pigmented urticaria: After scratching or rubbing at the skin lesions, the pigment spots are flushed and form a wheal, that is, the Darier sign is positive. Generally, the incidence of childhood is mostly, the spot is small, and there may be maculopapular rash, papules or knots. Other damages such as festivals, the realm is clearer.
2. Coffee milk spots of neurofibromatosis: The pigmentation spots on the trunk are different in size, different in shape, and the boundary is often clear, and most soft and prominent skin-like tumors are visible.
Exclude the above two diseases and further detailed medical history: if there is any history of exposure to chemical substances or physical stimulation, long-term application of certain drugs such as arsenic, silver, chlorpromazine, etc., whether there are endocrine disorders and other medical conditions, such as Addison disease Etc., and the corresponding laboratory tests, often need to be differentiated from drug-induced pigmentation spots, the latter has a long history of application of certain drugs, such as silver stagnation, often accompanied by mucosal pigmentation, arsenic is often Systemic, especially in the armpits and perineum, often accompanied by palmar keratosis.
