Neck hemangioma
Introduction
Introduction to cervical hemangioma Hemangioma (haemangioma) is a congenital disease developed by mesoderm residual tissue. Active endothelium-like germs invade adjacent tissues to form endothelial-like strips. After tuberculosis, they are connected with the remaining blood vessels to form hemangiomas. The internal blood vessels are self-contained and are not connected to the surrounding blood vessels. Aneurysms are composed of a large number of proliferating blood vessels. In the early embryos, the primitive vessels are tubular bodies composed solely of endothelial cells. They form a dense network in the middle of the interstitial, and then with the development of various organs, the original veins. The pipe network gradually differentiates into many vascular plexuses and lymphatic plexus associated with organs. basic knowledge The proportion of the disease: the probability of the population is 0.11% Susceptible people: infants and young children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dyskinesia
Cause
Cause of cervical hemangioma
Cause of the disease (30%):
The cause of hemangioma is still unclear. It is currently believed that blood vessels are in the process of embryonic development, and therefore a certain stage of the blood vessel is developed and its morphology is stopped at this stage.
Pathogenesis (10%):
Aneurysms are composed of a large number of proliferating blood vessels. In the early embryos, the primitive vessels are tubular bodies composed solely of endothelial cells. They form a dense network in the middle of the interstitial, and then with the development of various organs, the original veins. The pipe network gradually differentiates into many vascular plexuses and lymphatic plexus associated with organs.
During the embryonic development of blood vessels, there are roughly plexiform stages, three stages of reticular stage and tube dry period. If obstacles or abnormalities occur during normal development of a certain stage, abnormalities of normal developmental morphology at this stage may occur. In the plexus stage, if some capillaries stop developing, capillary hemangioma will occur; in the reticular stage, if the enlarged blood vessels gather into a mass and tend to fuse together, a cavernous hemangioma can be expressed.
Microscopically, the hemangioma has various forms, but the basic structure is similar, that is, there are well-developed vascular-like tissues, such as the outer layer, the middle layer and the intima epithelium. The diameter of the lumen is 1 to 10 mm, and there is connective between the blood vessels. The tissue is a matrix, and the common clinical hemangioma is cavernous hemangioma, capillary hemangioma and mixed type 3.
Capillary hemangioma
It has well-developed monolayer endothelial cells and a small amount of connective tissue as the matrix. There are only a few blood cells in the lumen. It is a localized lobulated mass with clear boundaries, slightly protruding on the skin surface, bright red color and different sizes. Because of the narrow lumen, it rarely turns white when pressed.
2. Cavernous hemangioma
It has well-developed blood vessels, wide lumen, full of blood cells, soft body, protruding on the skin surface, unclear boundaries, purple-blue, compressive, whitened after compression, cavernous hemangioma than capillary Hemangiomas are large and thick, often invading the subcutaneous tissue, and are dilatant, often invading deep tissues in the neck.
3. Capillary-cavernous hemangioma (mixed type)
It is common to have the characteristics of the above two kinds of hemangioma, and the capillary hemangioma is often distributed on the surface of the cavernous hemangioma.
Prevention
Cervical hemangioma prevention 1. Maintain an optimistic and happy mood. Long-term mental stress, anxiety, irritability, pessimism and other emotions will make the balance of the cerebral cortex excitatory and inhibition process imbalance, so you need to maintain a happy mood. 2, life restraint pay attention to rest, work and rest, life orderly, maintain an optimistic, positive, upward attitude towards life has a great help to prevent disease. Do the regularity of tea and rice, live daily, not overworked, open-minded, and develop good habits. 3, reasonable diet can eat more high-fiber and fresh vegetables and fruits, balanced nutrition, including protein, sugar, fat, vitamins, trace elements and dietary fiber and other essential nutrients, meat and vegetables, diversified food varieties, Giving full play to the complementary role of nutrients in food is also helpful in preventing this disease.
Complication
Cervical hemangioma complications Complications
If the hemangioma invades the cervical vertebra, symptoms of nerve root compression, such as pain, upper limb sensation and movement disorder, may occur.
Symptom
Cervical hemangioma symptoms Common symptoms Respiratory tract obstruction Dysphagia Maternal neck back pain neck tough vomiting blood sputum
The symptoms and signs of cervical hemangioma depend on the type, size, invasion site, depth and extent of the tumor. Most hemangioma invade superficial tissues, such as subcutaneous tissue of the skin; invading muscles, deep blood vessels, throat, and pharynx, There are fewer tissues such as cervical vertebrae. If they have invaded deep tissues, some corresponding symptoms such as dysphagia, airway obstruction, vomiting, and massive bleeding may occur.
Examine
Examination of cervical hemangioma
X-ray film of the neck has a certain value for understanding the size, extent or tumor of the deep tumor. Whether the angiography before surgery can understand the nutritional branch of the hemangioma, it is ligated at both ends of the hemangioma. Supply of blood vessels can reduce intraoperative bleeding and facilitate the complete removal of hemangioma. Angiography is an auxiliary examination technique. During the developed period of modern technology, angiography is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, which helps doctors to detect the disease in time, control the progress of the disease, and effectively improve the survival of patients. rate. Angiography is an interventional test in which a developer is injected into a blood vessel. Because X-rays cannot penetrate the developer, angiography can accurately reflect the location and extent of vascular lesions.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of cervical hemangioma
Hemangioma needs to be differentiated from hemorrhagic nodules. The former has a typical shape and disappears when the finger pressure or the color becomes light. If necessary, the needle can be used to aspirate the hemangioma to extract blood. The hemorrhagic nodules are extracted from old blood and can be mixed. There are other ingredients. Hemangioma needs to be differentiated from hemorrhagic nodules. The former has a typical shape and disappears when the finger pressure or the color becomes light. If necessary, the needle can be used to aspirate the hemangioma to extract blood. The hemorrhagic nodules are extracted from old blood and can be mixed. There are other ingredients. Different from glomus tumors and angiosarcomas, the characteristics are as follows:
Angioblastoma
Finger, toenail bed and nearby sharp painful masses. The pain is especially painful during cold stimulation. Located under the armor, visible fingernails, local toe of the toenail, the surface can be light red, purple or slightly dark, more than touch.
2. Angiosarcoma
Less common, the tumor is nodular, painless, purple-red, superficially easy to bleed and ulceration. Under the microscope, many disordered tumor blood vessels are seen. The tumor cells proliferate in the basement membrane and can be attached to the inner wall of the blood vessel to form a nodular protrusion in the lumen. The tumor cells are mostly fusiform, and the undifferentiated ones are polygonal, endothelium-like, with large nuclei, deep staining, and more nuclear division. Polynuclear giant cells can be seen. Immunohistochemistry is important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Sensitive endothelial markers, VIII-related antigens, CD31, CD34, etc. can be selected to help determine the diagnosis.
