Gastroenteritis due to rotavirus
Introduction
Introduction to gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the most common type of viral gastroenteritis. Ordinary rotavirus mainly invades infants and young children. Adult diarrhea rotavirus can cause outbreaks of young and middle-aged gastroenteritis. No specific treatment, mainly symptomatic treatment. Suspend milk and disaccharide foods. Use antiemetics and sedatives when vomiting and diarrhea are heavy. Oral or intravenous rehydration to correct and electrolyte imbalance. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0033% Susceptible people: good for infants and young adults Mode of infection: digestive tract spread Complications: intussusception hemolytic uremic syndrome dehydration pneumonia viral myocarditis
Cause
Causes of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus
(1) Source of infection
Patients and asymptomatic carriers are the main source of infection. There are a large number of viral particles in the feces of the acute phase. The disease can be detoxified for 4 to 8 days, and very few can last for 18 to 42 days.
(2) Ways of transmission
It is mainly transmitted by humans, transmitted through feces-mouth or mouth-mouth, and may also be transmitted through water pollution or respiratory tract. Adult rotavirus gastroenteritis (epidemic diarrhea) is often a water-type outbreak, and can also be transmitted through life contact.
(3) Susceptible people
Ordinary rotavirus mainly invades infants and young children, with the highest incidence rate from 9 to 12 months old. Adult diarrhea rotavirus is generally susceptible, but it is mainly caused by young adults.
Prevention
Rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis prevention
Early detection and isolation of patients; disinfection of patients' feces; attention to water and food hygiene, disinfection of tableware; baby room should have strict disinfection and isolation system; breastfeeding infants should be promoted; oral administration for children aged 6-24 months Attenuated vaccines of various types of rotavirus can stimulate local production of IgA antibodies, which is the most effective preventive measure at present.
Complication
Rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis complications Complications, intussusception, hemolytic uremic syndrome, dehydration, pneumonia, viral myocarditis
1, a small number of patients can be complicated by intussusception, rectal bleeding, hemolytic uremic syndrome, encephalitis and Reye syndrome.
2, severe cases may be due to dehydration and pneumonia, toxic myocarditis and other complications leading to death.
Symptom
Rotavirus-induced symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation Common symptoms Abdominal distension, abdominal pain, loose stool, diarrhea, nausea, low fever
(a) common rotavirus gastroenteritis
The incubation period is 1 to 3 days, and the disease is quite different. The symptoms of children aged 6 to 24 months are heavy, while the older children or adults are mostly mild or subclinical infections. The onset is urgent, and more vomiting and diarrhea, accompanied by light and moderate Fever, diarrhea varies from ten to tens of times a day, stools are mostly watery, or yellow-green loose stools, often accompanied by mild or moderate dehydration and metabolic poisoning, and some cases often have upper respiratory tract before gastrointestinal symptoms appear. Symptoms of infection, this disease is a self-limiting disease, the course of disease is about 1 week.
(two) adult diarrhea rotavirus gastroenteritis
The incubation period is 2 to 3 days. The onset is urgent, there is no fever or only low fever. The main symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain and abdominal distension. Diarrhea varies from 3 to 10 times a day. It is yellow water or rice soup, no pus Some cases have symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. The course of disease is 3 to 6 days, and can be as long as 10 days or more.
Examine
Check of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus
Blood routine
The total number and classification of peripheral blood leukocytes are mostly normal, a few are high, and the classification of lymphocytes increases;
2. Stool routine and training
Most of the stool examinations have no special findings, and a small number of white blood cells can be seen, and no growth of pathogenic bacteria can be cultivated;
3. Specific diagnostic test
(1) taking feces for direct or immunoelectron microscopy, rotavirus particles can be found;
(2) The detection of viral antigen in fecal supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoenzymatic plaque assay has high sensitivity and specificity;
(3) Extracting viral RNA from feces, performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining, and checking the presence or absence of rotavirus RNA electropherogram, which has both diagnostic value and different types of virus infection;
(4) Serological test, 5 days after infection, specific IgM antibodies can be detected in the blood, which is also helpful for the diagnosis of this disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus
The disease should be differentiated from cell bacteria, parasitic diarrhea, and other viral gastroenteritis depends on specific diagnostic tests.
