coronavirus infection
Introduction
Introduction to coronavirus infection The coronavirus is named for its characteristic sun-hat spike (E1 spike). In 1975, the International Virus Nomenclature Committee was officially named Coronavirus. Coronavirus infection is a respiratory infection caused by coronavirus. It is common in all age groups. It is common in children. The above respiratory tract infections are characterized by a few cases of diarrhea, bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleural effusion. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 10% Susceptible people: good for children Mode of transmission: pathogen transmission Complications: otitis media chronic bronchitis pneumonia
Cause
The cause of coronavirus infection
Cause:
Coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus, resembling a corolla or corona. Human coronavirus has at least 6 serum strains. 229E and OC43 are widely distributed. It is difficult to isolate the virus for the first time. It is cultured with human embryonic trachea with intact cilia. In order to proliferate, 229E strain can grow on human embryo diploid fibroblasts after multiple passages, and OC43 and OC38 strains can grow in rat brain.
Pathogenesis:
When the respiratory virus invades the ciliated epithelial cells on the surface of human respiratory tract, it replicates and spreads in it and directly causes damage to the infected cells, causing local lesions or systemic toxic symptoms. The tissue damage caused by some viruses may be caused by the body's immune response. Mediated, such as respiratory syncytial virus, the direct damage to the airway epithelial cells of the respiratory tract is the lightest, but can cause serious respiratory diseases in infants and young children; the most prone to age is the highest level of maternal antibody; the natural infection after vaccination The severity of the disease suggests that the pathogenesis may be related to the immune response. The pathological changes of respiratory virus infection include nasal, pharyngeal, laryngeal mucosal congestion, edema, exudation and monocyte infiltration, and some cells may undergo degeneration, necrosis, and shedding. Inclusion bodies are visible in the cytoplasm or nucleus of epithelial cells. The degree of lesions is related to the type, type and location of the virus. After a few days, the epithelial cells can regenerate and return to normal. If the lesion involves the bronchioles, epithelial cell necrosis and exfoliation may occur. The bronchiole wall has extensive mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrin, cell debris and sticky mucus. Blocking the lumen and causing atelectasis, emphysema, viral pneumonia initially showed a progressive reduction of cilia, epithelial vacuolization, epithelial cell degeneration, alveolar necrosis, collapse, alveolar wall necrosis and Thickening, interstitial edema and mononuclear cells, lymphocytic infiltration, and bacterial infection, mucosal congestion, neutrophil infiltration and mucopurulent secretions can be seen. In severe cases, lung abscess, sepsis and multiple organs can occur. Suppurative changes.
Prevention
Coronavirus infection prevention
The current measures to prevent respiratory viral infections are:
(1) Popularize health knowledge, strengthen physical exercise, and avoid cold.
(2) Avoid the door and go to public places during the popular period.
(3) Patients should wear masks or respiratory tract isolation.
Complication
Complications of coronavirus infection Complications otitis media chronic bronchitis pneumonia
Complications include frontal sinusitis, otitis media, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleural effusion.
Symptom
Coronary infection symptoms common symptoms fever diarrhea pleural effusion sore throat
The incubation period is 2 to 5 days, mainly causing upper respiratory tract infections, which may have fever, chills, headache, discomfort, salivation, sore throat and cough. About 77% are mild, 15% to 20% are moderate symptoms, severe The proportion of 8% to 9%, the course of 2 to 18 days, an average of a week, a small number can cause diarrhea, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleural effusion and so on.
Examine
Examination of coronavirus infection
1. Blood: The white blood cell count is normal, the neutrophils are slightly elevated, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is moderately increased.
2, other auxiliary examination: X-ray examination, double lung texture increased, the remaining no abnormalities.
3. Conditionally isolates the virus or determines neutralizing antibodies to the serum. A virological examination is required for the diagnosis. It is the most reliable method to isolate the virus from the nasopharyngeal secretions for 2 to 4 days after the onset of the disease. The molecular biological method for detecting viral RNA can help the diagnosis of A. The double serum can be used for epidemiological surveillance.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of coronavirus infection
In winter and spring, children with mild cold and no fever, should consider this disease, diagnosed with nasal, pharyngeal lotion plus antibiotics, inoculated human embryo tracheal culture and cell culture for 1 to 2 weeks, daily examination of ciliary movement and cytopathic, and with complement The combination and neutralization antibody test identifies the virus or uses the double serum to perform the complement binding test and the neutralizing antibody assay. If the increase is more than 4 times, the indirect hemagglutination test is rapid, sensitive and specific.
