sternum fracture
Introduction
Introduction to sternotomy During the embryonic period, the sternal base forms the left and right sternum plates. At about the 9th to 10th week, the sternum plates on both sides fuse with each other to form the whole sternum. If the fusion is not completed during embryonic development, or only partially fused, a sternal fissure is formed. According to the location and extent of the fissure, it can be divided into the upper sternum fissure, the lower sternum fissure and the whole sternal fissure. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible population: newborn Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: respiratory infections
Cause
Cause of sternal fissure
(1) Causes of the disease
The sternal fissure is caused by an obstacle in the process of mutual healing of the sternum and cord in the embryonic period. It can be manifested as a complete or partial absence of the sternum, a defect in the semi-lateral side, a window-shaped defect, etc., which is more common in sternocleidosis, and its location can be seen in Upper thoracic, thoracic or sternal length.
(two) pathogenesis
The sternal fissure can be divided into 4 types:
1 incomplete type, seen in the upper side and the lower side.
2 complete type.
3 complete or incomplete sternal fissure with heart prolapse.
4 extensive sternal fissure, namely Cantrell syndrome.
Prevention
Prevention of sternotomy
The sternal fissure is caused by an obstacle in the process of mutual healing of the sternum and cord in the embryonic period. If the age is too large, the risk of congenital mental retardation and other deformed children will be greatly increased. Drinking, smoking, fatigue, medication, etc. should not be used before pregnancy. Avoid colds, direct sunlight, high temperature, and away from chemical and harmful substances during pregnancy. Therapeutic abortion is performed on abnormal fetuses to prevent the birth of defective children, thus ensuring the health of future generations. Prenatal diagnosis has only been more than 20 years old, but it has developed rapidly. Methods include X-ray, fetal mirror, ultrasound, biochemistry and enzyme examination, chromosome diagnosis, etc. The most commonly used ultrasound and chromosome examination.
Complication
Pectoral rupture complications Complications, respiratory infections
Children often have abnormal breathing, cyanosis, difficulty breathing, and repeated respiratory infections. The incidence of women is higher (the ratio of female to male is about 8:1). Most cases are sporadic cases with family reports of autosomal recessive inheritance. The sternal segmental fissure is often associated with severe developmental defects, particularly cardiac ectopic and Cantrell pentas. There may be a left ventricular diverticulum with a defect in the chest and abdomen wall. The sternal bone is completely absent, the least common, often accompanied by severe deformity.
Symptom
Symptoms of sternal fissure common symptoms cyanotic heart deformity, bone fracture, central line defect of upper abdominal wall
Children often have abnormal breathing, cyanosis, difficulty breathing and repeated respiratory infections. Physical examination shows that the upper, lower or all of the sternal region has soft tissue fissures and can touch the pulsation of the blood vessels. The central line of the upper abdominal wall can also be seen in Cantrell syndrome. Defect, pericardial defect adjacent to the diaphragm and various types of cardiac malformations.
Examine
Examination of sternal fissure
Physical examination revealed a soft tissue fissure in the sternum area. Chest fluoroscopy, chest radiograph, chest B-ultrasound, pleural effusion examination, chest CT examination.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of sternal fissure
diagnosis
According to the clinical manifestations of the child, physical examination revealed a soft tissue fissure in the sternum area to confirm the diagnosis.
Differential diagnosis
Need to differentiate from sternal fracture, blood pneumothorax, multiple rib fracture.
