acute gastroenteritis
Introduction
Introduction to acute gastroenteritis Acute gastroenteritis is an acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. The clinical manifestations are mainly nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. The disease is common in summer and autumn, and it occurs mostly due to improper diet, overeating; or eating cold and rot, turbid and unclean food. According to the difference in etiology and constitution, Chinese medicine divides gastroenteritis into different types such as damp heat, cold dampness and stagnation. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 30% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: dehydration
Cause
Cause of acute gastroenteritis
Bacterial and toxin infections (30%):
Salmonella and halophilic bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) are often the most common infections. Toxins are common in Staphylococcus aureus, and viruses are also visible. There are often cases of collective morbidity or frequent family. If you eat contaminated poultry, livestock meat, fish, or seafood such as crabs and snails that grow halophilic bacteria, and eat leftovers, leftovers, etc. contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, the disease is induced.
Physical and chemical factors (30%):
Eating cold food or certain drugs such as salicylates, sulfonamides, certain antibiotics, etc.; or accidentally taking strong acids, alkalis and pesticides can cause the disease.
Prevention
Acute gastroenteritis prevention
1. Pay attention to hygiene: keep food, utensils, containers, refrigerators and other food preservation places and the environment clean.
2, do not eat unclean food: When the food rots and deteriorates, must not eat. It is best not to wait overnight for meals, etc., and the fruits and vegetables must be cleaned before eating.
3, to avoid irritation: diet should be light, try to avoid irritating foods, such as pepper, coffee, tea and so on. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid the stimulation of drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can seriously stimulate our gastrointestinal mucosa.
4, strengthen exercise, pay attention to keep warm: summer and autumn season weather changes seriously, we must increase or decrease clothing in a timely manner, especially after entering the fall, we must pay attention to keep warm, cover the quilt at rest. Strengthen physical exercise and improve the body's immunity.
Complication
Acute gastroenteritis complications Complications dehydration
1, intestinal polyps, colon cancer: proctitis for more than five years, the intestinal ulcer surface is prone to abnormal hyperplasia under the long-term stimulation of inflammation, causing intestinal polyps, more than one centimeter of intestinal polyps cancer rate is extremely high.
2, intestinal stenosis: more common in lesions, the duration of the disease for more than 5-25 years, the location of the rectum, clinically generally asymptomatic, can cause intestinal obstruction in severe cases, in the case of intestinal stenosis, be vigilant Tumors identify benign and malignant.
3, anal sinusitis: proctitis is not treated in time, can be anal sinusitis and other anorectal diseases, and there is a risk of secondary perianal abscess.
4, anal canal inflammation: This is a complication of the disease, often associated with proctitis and called anorectal inflammation, anal canal inflammation for a long time and there is a risk of cancer.
5, blood in the stool: blood in the stool is one of the main clinical manifestations of this disease, the number of blood in the stool is also an indicator to measure the severity of the disease. Long-term chronic bleeding can cause iron deficiency anemia.
Symptom
Acute gastrointestinal symptoms Common symptoms Intestinal absorption of water increased dark yellow or green... Nausea and vomiting abdominal pain diarrhea is watery with sticky ... Pediatric sputum depression diarrhea fever stool does not form dehydration
The clinical manifestations of acute gastroenteritis usually occur in the family life from a few hours to 24 hours after overeating or eating contaminated food and taking drugs that are irritating to the stomach. Mainly:
1, upper abdominal pain in the middle of the left or umbilical tenderness, a paroxysmal aggravation or persistent dull pain, with abdominal fullness, discomfort. A small number of patients have severe pain.
2, nausea, vomiting, vomit is undigested food, feel comfortable after vomiting, and some patients until vomiting yellow bile or stomach acid.
3, diarrhea with enteritis, diarrhea, with the stomach symptoms to improve and stop, can be loose stools and watery stools.
4, dehydration due to repeated vomiting and diarrhea, excessive water loss, poor skin elasticity, eyeball subsidence, thirst, oliguria and other symptoms, severe blood pressure decreased, limbs are cold.
5, hematemesis and blood in a small number of patients with blood in the vomit or brown, stool black or fecal occult blood test positive. It indicates that there is bleeding in the gastric mucosa.
6, often have fever, headache, general malaise and varying degrees of poisoning symptoms.
7, physical signs are not obvious, there is tenderness in the upper abdomen and umbilical cord, no muscle tension and rebound tenderness, bowel sounds more hyperthyroidism.
8, acute onset, nausea, frequent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, mostly watery stools, can contain undigested food, a small amount of mucus, and even blood.
9. In addition, headache, fever, chills and muscle pain are common symptoms. In a few serious cases, dehydration can occur due to frequent vomiting and diarrhea.
Examine
Acute gastroenteritis examination
Regular stool examination and stool culture; blood white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal. Gastroenteritis can usually be diagnosed according to symptoms, but the cause is often not obvious. If the symptoms are severe or persistent, stool culture can be used to detect bacteria, viruses or parasites. Patients suspected of severe dehydration should be monitored for electrolyte and renal function. Further diagnosis is to judge blood cells, vomit, and feces, and to count leukocytes and eosinophils.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis
Diagnostic points
1. There is a history of overeating or eating unclean and spoiling food.
2, acute onset, nausea, frequent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, frequent diarrhea, mostly watery stools, can contain undigested food, a small amount of mucus, and even blood.
3, often have fever, headache, general malaise and varying degrees of poisoning symptoms.
4, vomiting, severe diarrhea, may have dehydration, acidosis, and even shock.
5, the signs are not obvious, there is tenderness in the upper abdomen and umbilical cord, no muscle tension and rebound tenderness, bowel sounds more hyperthyroidism.
Differential diagnosis
1. Parasitic infection: Peripheral blood eosinophilia can be seen in hookworms, schistosomiasis, aphids, and parasitic diseases caused by roundworms, each with its clinical manifestations.
2, gastrointestinal cancer and malignant lymphoma: there may be peripheral blood eosinophils, but secondary, there should be other manifestations of cancer and lymphoma.
3, eosinophilic granuloma: mainly occurs in the stomach and large intestine, the small intestine is a localized mass, pathological examination for eosinophilic granuloma mixed in the connective tissue matrix, allergic history is rare, the number of white blood cells in the surrounding blood and eosinophils often Do not increase.
4, eosinophilia: In addition to the increase in peripheral blood eosinophils, the lesion not only affects the intestine, but also extensively affect other parenchymal organs, such as the brain, heart, lung, kidney, etc., its short course, poor prognosis, often Die in the short term.
