Knee medial collateral ligament rupture
Introduction
Brief introduction of knee medial collateral ligament rupture The ligament is an important static stability factor of the knee joint, and its main function is to limit the guiding effect. When the stress experienced by the ligament exceeds its yield point, that is, the point of complete fracture, it is often a laceration, and it is still possible to maintain the continuity of the general shape. However, it maintains the stability of the joint and is lost, and there is a straight instability. If the violence is severe and the knee joint has an extreme displacement, the ligament morphological continuity may be lost, completely broken, and the complex manifestation is complex instability. In the acute phase, the patient's knee joint is swollen, painful, protective muscle tension, positive. Signs are difficult to detect, early diagnosis is difficult; late patients often show varying degrees of knee instability, unstable knee joints are prone to repeated injuries, meniscus and articular cartilage suffer from increased shear stress, causing meniscus injury, articular cartilage Degeneration is intensified, followed by traumatic arthritis. Although there are many methods for reconstruction of advanced ligaments, the long-term effects are good or bad, but they can not completely restore the anatomy and physiological functions of the original ligament. Therefore, it is very important to correct the knee ligament injury and to diagnose and treat it early. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: fracture of the tibia
Cause
Causes of fracture of medial collateral ligament in knee joint
(1) Causes of the disease
When the knee joint is in a mild flexion position, the outer side of the joint is subjected to gravity or severe damage, which may cause damage to the ligament.
(two) pathogenesis
In the knee ligament injury, the medial collateral ligament injury is the most common. The injury often occurs when the knee joint is slightly flexed, and the calf is suddenly abducted. For example, football, basketball or gravity can cause the medial side of the knee joint. Ligament injury, ligament strain may occur in the lower external force, or partial fiber breakage, severe external fracture may occur completely or combined with anterior cruciate ligament rupture or meniscus rupture.
Prevention
Knee joint medial collateral ligament rupture prevention
Pay attention to rest, work and rest, life in an orderly manner, and maintaining an optimistic, positive and upward attitude towards life can be of great help in preventing diseases.
Complication
Complications of medial collateral ligament fracture Complications
Generally complicated by bone lesions.
Symptom
Knee joint medial collateral ligament rupture symptoms Common symptoms Knee joint pain Knee joint swelling swelling pain behind the knee,... Ligament rupture muscle tension pain
In most cases of traumatic knee injury or rotational external force, after the ligament rupture, generally the inside of the knee joint is significantly swollen, local pain, subcutaneous congestion, bruising, intra-articular hemorrhage is the main cause of pain, the patient When using the toe to walk more and abducting the knee joint, the ligament fracture has obvious pain. Because of the reflective muscle tension, the joint activity is limited, and the resistance and pain are passive when straightening. If the blood is taken out, the joint activity is Recoverable, positive signs are mainly local tenderness of the medial collateral ligament.
Examine
Examination of the medial collateral ligament rupture of the knee joint
X-ray examination is of great value in diagnosing knee MCL fracture. Avulsion fractures can be seen. The orthotopic knee-positive X-ray film under pressure is more diagnostic for this disease. Take 1% procaine pain point injection. After the patient is lying down, put a soft pillow between the two squats, use elastic bandage to tie the lower end of the two thighs to the upper edge of the knee joint, and take the X-ray of the knee joint. When the knee joint is widened, the gap is not more than 510mm, the medial collateral ligament is partially broken, and the medial ligament of the knee joint is widened, the MCL is completely broken. When there is a cruciate ligament rupture, the knee joint is slightly subluxated.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of medial collateral ligament rupture of knee joint
Diagnosis is not difficult. The history of traumatic injury with calf abduction is the main basis for the diagnosis of this disease. Its clinical manifestations are swelling around the ligament, hemorrhage, bruising, obvious tenderness. If it is completely broken, it can be felt at the collateral ligament injury. Loss of contact fissures, knee joint pull test is the most important test method, can determine the degree of injury, the examiner holds the ankle joint in one hand, the other hand reaches the outside of the knee joint of the patient, the knee joint should be in the straight position or flexion 30 °, Applying the eversion force, if the medial collateral ligament is cleft, it indicates that the ligament has been damaged. If there is looseness at the same time, the joint opening is ligament rupture. In order to avoid pain and muscle reflex protection, it is best to anesthetize. The lower or pain point is closed and then checked. The patient must relax the muscles during the examination to avoid false negatives.
Due to limited joint activity caused by ligament rupture, joint activity can be restored after closure of procaine local ligament, but joint interlocking caused by meniscus rupture, although joint blood or local Plu Cain is closed, and its interlocking is still not relieved. The structure is mainly the shallow layer of MCL in the knee joint. Those who are stressed are most vulnerable to damage. The order of stress is the order of injury. In addition, if the MCL injury is not treated, it will be long. Then other ligaments are loosened and rotational instability occurs.
