pollen allergy asthma
Introduction
Introduction to Pollen Allergic Asthma Various sensitized pollen that is dispersed in the air is a group of important allergens that cause allergic asthma, and hundreds of plant pollen that are known to cause human sensitization are currently known. Pollen-induced allergic diseases include seasonal allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic skin disease, and allergic asthma. Since the inhaled pollen must pass through the upper respiratory tract before entering the lower respiratory tract, it is accompanied by obvious upper respiratory symptoms. Most patients have upper respiratory symptoms first, followed by lower respiratory symptoms such as cough, phlegm and asthma. Symptoms of lower respiratory tract allergy are the main symptoms of pollen allergic asthma. They begin with irritating dry cough during pollen spread, and wheezing episodes when symptoms worsen. The symptoms and signs of wheezing are similar to other bronchial asthma. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.003% Susceptible people: people who are allergic to pollen Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: pulmonary edema
Cause
Pollen allergic asthma
Dietary relationship (30%):
The phenomenon of asthma attacks caused by dietary relationships is often seen in asthma patients, especially infants and young children are susceptible to food allergies, but gradually decrease with age. The most common foods that cause allergies are fish, shrimps, crabs, eggs, milk, etc.
Climate change (25%):
When temperature, temperature, air pressure, and/or airborne ions change, asthma can be induced, so it is more common in cold seasons or in autumn and winter climate changes.
Mental factors (20%):
Patients with emotional excitement, nervousness, anger, etc., can cause asthma attacks, which are generally thought to be caused by reflexes or hyperventilation through the cerebral cortex and vagus nerve.
Prevention
Pollen allergic asthma prevention
1. Avoid contact with allergens, pay attention to it in the season of good hair, and avoid inhaling smoke or irritating gas, which has a good preventive effect on preventing asthma attacks.
2. Desensitization treatment under the guidance of a physician.
Complication
Pollen allergic asthma complications Complications pulmonary edema
Long-term recurrent episodes of allergic asthma can be complicated by chronic bronchitis, as well as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, in addition to obstructive emphysema and chronic pulmonary heart disease.
Symptom
Pollen allergic asthma symptoms Common symptoms Dry cough nasal congestion Wheezing small bronchial smooth muscle contracture bronchial smooth muscle spasm itch mucous membrane dry tears skin itching pharyngeal foreign body sensation
Before the onset of allergic asthma, there are aura symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, cough, chest tightness, etc. If not treated in time, asthma may occur due to aggravation of bronchial obstruction. In severe cases, it may be forced to take a seat or sit in a breath, dry cough or slightly A lot of white foam sputum, and even purple sputum. However, it can usually be relieved by itself or by treatment with self-administered or anti-asthmatic drugs. Some patients may relapse after a few hours of remission, and even lead to persistent asthma.
Examine
Pollen allergic asthma check
1. Blood routine: There is an increase in eosinophils at the time of onset, and the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils increase when infected.
2. Sputum examination: mostly viscous sputum, eosinophilia, the formation of eosinophils can be found in the old sputum crystallization, some loyalists can see the Cushman spirochete. May be small bronchi Management.
3. Pulmonary function test: All the indexes related to expiratory flow rate are decreased at the time of attack, the main useful force is first second expiratory volume (FEVl), second rate (FRv1, %) and maximum expiratory flow rate (PEF), etc. Can be used for the assessment of the degree of disease, treatment and assessment of pre-dust.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of pollen allergic asthma
According to the typical clinical symptoms and medical history, recurrent asthma, chest tightness, cough and two lungs can hear wheezing, there are some incentives for the attack, the symptoms can be relieved by bronchodilator or self-relieving, and other diseases can be ruled out. Pulmonary function test, FEV1 decreased, suggesting airflow obstruction; bronchiectasis test, after inhalation of bronchodilator, reduced FEV1 recovery is 15% positive, can be used as a diagnostic basis for asthma, bronchial provocation test to determine FEV1 or PEF lower than before drug absorption More than 20%, indicating an increase in airway reactivity.
Differential diagnosis
Asthmatic patients do not necessarily show signs of wheezing. Conversely, they have wheezing and difficulty breathing. They may not be diagnosed with asthma and need to be identified with the following diseases.
1. Cardiac asthma: early left ventricular dysfunction often presents with nocturnal dyspnea, and symptoms associated with expiratory wheezing resemble bronchial asthma. These patients often have significant history and signs of heart disease, mostly sitting and breathing. There may be signs such as diffuse fine wet voices at the bottom of the lungs. When the difficulty is identified, the selective 2 receptor agonist can be inhaled for diagnostic treatment.
2. Spontaneous pneumothorax: Pneumothorax appearing on the basis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the signs of pneumothorax are often not obvious, but manifested as sudden dyspnea, and some patients have expiratory wheezing (especially contralateral pneumothorax), clinical It is easy to be confused with asthma. It is necessary to improve vigilance. Suspected people should have early X-ray examination to confirm the diagnosis.
