occupational acne
Introduction
Introduction to occupational acne Occupational acne refers to chronic inflammatory damage to the skin hair follicles and sebaceous gland system caused by exposure to mineral oils or certain halogenated hydrocarbons during production labor. It is called oil acne caused by coal tar, shale oil, natural petroleum and its high-boiling fractionated products and asphalt. It is called chloracne caused by some halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated phenols and polyvinyl chloride pyrolysis. . basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.0001%-0.0003% (the incidence rate of drama actors is about 0.04%-0.07%) Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: skin allergies
Cause
Occupational acne
(1) Causes of the disease
There are two main types of acne-producing substances exposed in production: one is petroleum and coal tar fractionation products, the former includes crude oil, various diesel oils, lubricating oils (spindle oils, mechanical oils), as well as cutting oils and emulsified oils. Transformer oil, etc.; the latter includes coal tar, tar pitch and creosote. The other category is halogenated hydrocarbons, including polychlorinated (bromine) naphthalenes, polychlorinated (bromine)biphenyls, polychlorinated benzenes, polychlorinated phenols, polychlorinated oxychlorides, azobenzene oxychlorides, and dioxins. (TCDD), polyvinyl chloride pyrolysis, etc. Occupational acne may occur in workers who are exposed to the above compounds during production labor.
In addition, the acne caused by the use of oil paint makeup, the drug-induced acne caused by the production of certain hormones by pharmaceutical workers is also a range of occupational acne.
(two) pathogenesis
The irritancy of oil is related to the carbon chain of its chemical structure. It has a long carbon chain, high boiling point and high irritancy. For example, diesel is more irritating than other oils. Coal tar and asphalt are more irritating than petroleum, and crude oil is less irritating. It is a mechanical blockage of oil dust, iron filings, etc., and secondary bacterial infections, which are caused by seborrheic dermatitis or acne vulgaris are more likely to cause this disease or aggravate the disease.
There are four factors in the occurrence of oily acne: 1 The chemical stimulation of the hair follicle sebaceous gland structure by mineral oil causes the proliferation and hyperkeratosis of the hair follicle epithelial cells, which causes the sebum to be discharged. The irritancy of oils is related to the length of the carbon chain in the chemical structure. The longer the carbon chain, the higher the boiling point and the greater the irritancy. 2 mechanical blocking effect, such as oil contaminated by dust and metal shavings, blocking the pores, can also form blackheads. 3 folliculitis, bloated may be related to secondary bacterial infections. 4 oil acne occurs more frequently in young workers. On the one hand, it may be related to the physiological function of the sebaceous gland. On the other hand, it may be that new workers lack experience in prevention and are therefore prone to illness.
The pathogenesis of chloracne is related to the squamous epithelial hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and the thickening of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle.
Prevention
Occupational acne prevention
1. Eat less irritating foods, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and vitamin-rich foods, control fat and sugar diets, and improve digestion.
2. Make preventive and protective measures at work and develop good work protection habits; if discomfort occurs, please remove the source of the disease in time and seek treatment from a professional treatment institution. Do not treat the lesions at will, so as to avoid exacerbations or other symptoms. Discomfort. Under normal circumstances, as long as the treatment is timely, it will not leave scars and pigments.
Complication
Occupational acne complications Complications skin allergies
Because the oil secretion of the skin is strong, it is easy to be combined with bacterial infection. The patient is destroyed due to skin integrity, so it may cause skin bacterial infection or fungal infection due to scratching, usually secondary to low body constitution, or long-term use of immunosuppressants and nail fungus. Patients with fungal infections, such as concurrent bacterial infections, may have symptoms such as fever, swelling of the skin, ulceration, and purulent secretion. Severe cases can lead to sepsis, which should be brought to the attention of clinicians.
Symptom
Occupational Acne Symptoms Common Symptoms Pustule-type acne blackhead acne facial skin greasy edema acne-like rash follicular scaly keratinized follicular horn
Exposure to such substances occurs gradually after several hours and months, and occurs in areas that are easily contaminated by oil and are susceptible to friction, such as the extremities of the extremities, the developed parts of the face and sebaceous glands, mainly characterized by keratosis of the hair follicles, blackheads and acne. A few lesions can cause folliculitis, bloated, hair follicle keratosis, uniform distribution and dense, rough touch.
Examine
Occupational acne examination
Blood smear: Observing the morphology of white blood cells, the toxic changes of neutrophils, closely observing the number of white blood cells and the toxic changes of neutrophils have important clinical value for judging the degree of infection, patient's resistance and prognosis.
Skin smear microscopy: It is an examination method for checking the presence of bacteria in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid and peritoneal fluid.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of occupational acne
The disease is related to occupation, and can be diagnosed at different ages and clinical manifestations.
Need to be differentiated from acne vulgaris:
1. The disease is not limited by age, and acne vulgaris occurs in adolescence.
2. The disease occurs mostly in the extremities of the extremities, the back of the hands and the face, and the acne vulgaris occurs in the developed areas of the sebaceous glands.
3. The damage is more consistent and there is obvious follicular keratosis.
