electric shock
Introduction
Introduction to electric shock Electric shock or lightning strike is caused by direct contact with the human body, and a certain amount of current passes through the human body, causing tissue damage and dysfunction or even death. The longer the electric shock, the more serious the electrical damage to the human body. The lightning strike in the natural world is also a form of electric shock, and its voltage can be as high as tens of millions of volts, resulting in extremely strong current electric shock, which is extremely harmful. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.3% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Deafness
Cause
Electrophysical cause
Cause:
The low voltage current can stop the heartbeat, and then the breathing stops. Because of the strong stimulation to the central nervous system, the high-voltage current stops the breathing first, and then stops with the heartbeat. The lightning strike is a strong electrostatic shock, and the high voltage can make the local tissue temperature high. At 2000-4000 degrees, lightning is an electrostatic discharge, which is higher in the moment of lightning, which can quickly cause tissue damage and "carbonization."
Unqualified electrical equipment (25%):
Electrical equipment is damaged or out of specification. The light switch and head of the daily lighting are damaged, the socket cover is damaged, and the child may easily get an electric shock by hand. Electrical equipment such as motors and transformers are not inspected. The grounding wire is not installed on the iron casing. When the insulation layer of the coil is damaged, the iron casing is charged, and the person is exposed to electricity.
Accidents (30%):
Accidents in daily life, such as when a child flies a kite, the wire is stirred on the wire; someone pulls the wire to the pond to fish; the bird that stops with the bird gun on the wire accidentally breaks the wire; when lightning strikes the thunder, it is on the hillside or Under the tree, it is easy to suffer from lightning strikes. In the rainy days, electric shock accidents are more common. Rainstorms will scrape off the wires. The wires that have been in disrepair for a long time are easy to run away. In the rain, the wires that are unclear and easy to touch the broken wires are rushed.
Prevention
Electric shock prevention
In order to better use electric energy and prevent electric shock accidents, some safety measures must be taken:
(1) All kinds of electrical equipment, Longqi is a mobile electrical equipment, should establish a regular and regular inspection system, if it is found to be faulty or inconsistent with the relevant provisions, it should be dealt with in a timely manner;
(2) When using all kinds of electrical equipment, the operating system should be strictly observed, and the three-pin plug should not be changed to a two-pin plug without authorization, and the wire end should not be directly inserted into the socket for electricity;
(3) The external power plugs of household appliances with metal casings generally use three-pin plugs, one of which is a grounding wire. However, most residential buildings do not have a protective grounding wire. Therefore, the grounding wire cannot be used. If it is buried underground, If the tap water pipe is used as a grounding body, it must be ensured that the tap water pipe on the ground has good electrical connection, the middle must be in good contact, there must be no non-conductive joints such as plastic, and the gas pipe and other inflammable and explosive gas pipes should not be used as the grounding body. Or the grounding wire is used. In addition, it should be noted that the phase line zero of the household appliance plug should be consistent with the phase line neutral line in the socket. The socket connection is: facing the socket, the grounding wire above, and the left center wire. The phase line on the right;
(4) Static electricity may cause harm, but it may cause explosion and fire. If it is light, it may cause electric shock to people, causing severe consequences. Eliminating static electricity should first limit the generation or accumulation of electrostatic charge.
1 good grounding to eliminate the accumulation of electrostatic charge;
2 Increase the humidity of the air around the device to a relative humidity of 70% or more, and add static charge to escape;
3 Using ionization neutralization measures, install a discharge needle in the place where the charge is most intense, so that the charge is neutralized and static electricity is eliminated;
4 Adopt a production process that can prevent static electricity, such as reducing friction, preventing liquid from shaking, preventing dust from flying, etc.
5 A substance having good electrical conductivity is incorporated into the low-conductivity substance.
(5) When conditions permit, a reliable leakage protector can also be used;
(6) It is strictly forbidden to use the earth as a neutral line, that is, it is strictly forbidden to adopt three-line one-site, two-line one-site or one-line one-site system.
Complication
Electrocardiogram complications Complications
1. twitching muscle spasm
Can cause fractures and blurring. Electric shock causes a syndrome of squeezing syndrome, leading to kidney failure. Head injury can cause cataracts, optic atrophy, choroiditis, and retinitis. Electric shock can cause vascular rupture, bleeding, blood formation, and tissue necrosis. When a high-voltage piezoelectric injury occurs, it can cause visceral rupture. When an electric shock occurs, if the victim falls from a height, it may cause shocks, head, chest, abdominal trauma, limb fractures and other injuries.
2. Electric shock
Can cause permanent damage to the occipital and temporal lobes of the brain, causing blindness, deafness, and short-term mental disorders. Brain contusion causes hemiplegia and aphasia. Spinal cord damage causes limb dysfunction, numbness, weakness or paralysis. Peripheral neurodegeneration, necrosis, causing tissue necrosis at the innervation site.
Symptom
Symptoms of electric shock common symptoms palpitations, dizziness, fatigue, shock, sputum, coma, cardiac arrest, pale arrhythmia
1. The light is scared, palpitations, pale, dizzy, fatigue, severe coma immediately, tonic muscle contraction, shock, arrhythmia, heartbeat and very weak breathing, sudden death or sudden cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, cyanosis.
2. Electric burns on the skin of the electric shock site, coking or charring, and tissue necrosis, such as falling from a height, may be accompanied by concussion, head, chest, abdominal injury or limb fracture.
Examine
Electric shock check
1. blood routine, urine routine, fecal routine;
2. Liver function, kidney function. Renal function refers to the function of the kidney to excrete metabolic wastes in the body, maintain the stability of the body's sodium, potassium, calcium and other electrolytes and acid-base balance. Renal function tests include serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood and urine 2-microspheres. Protein, urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, urinary secretory immunoglobulin A, and the like.
3. X-ray inspection.
4. Detection of electrolytes and inorganic elements.
5. Cardiovascular examination.
6. Radionuclide (isotope) inspection.
7. Nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) examination.
8. CT examination.
Diagnosis
Electric shock diagnosis
After diagnosis, the severity of the disease, the severity of the tissue damage, and the presence or absence of complications must be identified and confirmed by necessary laboratory and auxiliary examinations.
Distinguish from scald, ventricular fibrillation, etc. When the current is stimulated by the nerve fibers to the muscles, the muscles contract. The heart itself has the electromotive force required for the working process, forming a control electrical signal that rhythmically moves in the correct sequence in each region of the heart. The average voltage of this electrical signal is 1 to 1.6 mV, and the heart's pulsation period is about 0.75 s. When the electric shock current and the passage time of the human body exceed a certain limit, the electrical signal of the normal heart of the heart is disturbed and disturbed.
