cowpox
Introduction
Introduction to Vaccinia Vaccinia is an acute infection of bovine nipples and breasts caused by cattle variola virus. It is transmitted to people through contact and is more common in milkers and slaughterhouse workers. According to the WHO report, the disease has now disappeared globally. Vaccinia virus is a virus that causes cattle to produce mild vaccinia. If a person is infected with the virus, it will only cause mild discomfort and produce resistance against vaccinia virus. Since vaccinia virus has the same antigenic properties as variola virus causing human smallpox, human vaccinia can also obtain immunity against variola virus. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.004%-0.005%, more common for milkers Susceptible people: more common in milkers, slaughterhouse workers Mode of infection: contact infection Complications: sepsis
Cause
Vaccinia
Infection factor (78%)
It is caused by cowpox virus, which is similar to poxvirus and can cause hemorrhagic damage when cultured on the chicken embryo capsule. Similar to vaccination. Chronic necrosis of the epidermis, more bleeding, sub-epidermal cells can see larger inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm.
Occupational factors (20%)
The disease is caused by acute infection of bovine nipples and breasts caused by cattle infected with variola virus. It can be transmitted to humans through contact, so the patient population of this disease is more common in milkers and slaughterhouse workers.
Prevention
Vaccinia prevention
Due to the reform of the modern milk milking process, it is usually completely replaced by mechanization. Therefore, the number of cases in which the disease is currently occurring is reduced. This disease often occurs in workers who are milking or slaughtering. It can also be caused by a false vaccinia virus infection. Therefore, vaccination against vaccinia should be carried out to reduce the chance of infection. For cows suspected of being contaminated with vaccinia virus, gloves should be worn when milking to reduce the chance of infection.
Complication
Vaccinia complications Complications sepsis
The disease is self-limiting and generally heals itself in about 10-15 days. The main complication is the damage to the integrity caused by skin damage, the wound exposure, the formation of superficial ulcers, accompanied by obvious itching. Therefore, due to the patient's scratching induced skin bacterial infection or fungal infection, usually secondary to low body constitution, or long-term use of immunosuppressive agents and fungal infections such as nail fungus, such as concurrent bacterial infection may have fever, skin swelling, ulceration and Purulent secretions flow out and other performance. Severe cases can lead to sepsis, which should be brought to the attention of clinicians.
Symptom
Vaccinia symptoms common symptoms papules edema red pustules
The incubation period is 5 to 7 days. Primary lesions appear at the contact site. The initial appearance is papules, which quickly become blisters and pustules. The center of the blister is umbilical, surrounded by redness and edema. It occurs mostly on the fingers, forearms and face. Fever, with local lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, self-healing in 4 to 6 weeks.
Examine
Vaccination
The disease can be diagnosed by laboratory virus culture.
Pathological changes: similar to vaccinia, but epidermal necrosis is slow, inflammation, erythema is obvious, there is more bleeding, epidermal basal cell hypertrophy, cytoplasmic inclusions in the lower part of the epidermis, it is more than the Guarnieri inclusion body of smallpox and vaccinia Bigger.
Diagnosis
Vaccination diagnosis
According to the clinical manifestations of this disease, it needs to be differentiated from milkman nodules, sheep pox, primary skin tuberculosis, foreign body granuloma and sporotrichosis. The focus is differentiated from the milkman's nodule, which is a vaccinia virus infection with an incubation period of 5 to 14 days. Beginning with single or several inflammatory papules in the hand and forearm, and then become a purple-red hemispherical nodule with a red halo around it, the center is umbilical, and the texture is tough, the size of the soybeans, the surface is smooth, and the scattered distribution is not integrated. Sometimes there is a blisters or pustules on the top, which later become scarred, or gradually develop, becoming papillary pale red skin lesions, similar to purulent granuloma. Therefore, according to clinical characteristics and pathological examination can be clearly identified.
