Dermatognathia
Introduction
Introduction to skin and jaw worm disease Skin gutworm (gnathostomiasiscutis) is a rare skin disease caused by the genus gnathostoma. The clinical manifestations vary in severity, from no symptoms to severe symptoms such as fever, discomfort, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, urticaria, etc. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: iritis keratitis
Cause
Causes of skin and mouth larvae
Causes:
There are two kinds of pathogenic jawworms, namely, the spinosaurus and the larvae, which are more common in the former. The adults of the spiny larvae are bright red, slightly translucent and shiny. The length of the males is 11 to 25 mm, and the females are longer, 25 to 54 mm, which is round and linear. The head is hemispherical, with 4 to 8 rounds of small hook neck narrowing, and many small skin spines in the front half and near end.
People who eat uncooked freshwater fish, frogs, snakes and other meats containing infectious third-stage larvae are infected. Even contact with meat and other skin infections. After the larva invades the human body, it migrates to the skin or subcutaneous tissue to form a skin worm.
The disease is mainly distributed in Asia and is prevalent in Southeast Asia. Australia, Mexico and other countries also have this disease. There is a high incidence of residents who prefer to eat raw or uncooked fish and shrimp and meat habits. The incidence of raw food popular in recent years in Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanghai and other regions in China has also increased.
Pathogenesis:
The swallowed larva invades the stomach wall. Human beings are not the ultimate host of the insect. They can only become the host larvae. They cannot develop into adults in the human body. They can only migrate in the human body for a long time and cause tissue damage and lesions. The infected larvae are mostly one but also several. Larvae invaded by the skin, in most cases, a skin mass in a part of the body. Due to the migration of the larvae, a tunnel is formed between the epidermis and the dermis or subcutaneous tissue of the skin, causing skin larval migration. This worm can live in various organs, and the worm can survive in the human body for several years or even ten years.
Pathological changes:
It is a parasitic granuloma composed of eosinophils, fibroblast tissue cells and macrophages. In addition to mechanical damage, larvae can secrete and excrete some substances that are toxic to the human body when they migrate in tissues, which induces poisoning and allergic reactions in the body and aggravate pathological damage. It can cause inflammation, edema, anemia, necrosis, and chronic skin lesions can lead to infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. This worm can reach any part of the body.
Prevention
Skin jawworm disease prevention
Skin jaw worm disease is caused by contact with jaw larvae, so the focus is on avoiding contact with water contaminated by the jaw larvae and avoiding food contaminated with larvae. The focus of prevention is not to eat raw or uncooked freshwater fish, seafood, oysters, loach, frogs and other meat, as well as chicken and pork. Drinking in the affected areas, drinking water must be boiled before drinking, avoid drinking raw water and causing infection of the jaw.
Complication
Complications of skin and jaw worm disease Complications iritis keratitis
1. Occasionally visceral (lung, brain, bladder) and eye involvement, severe cases can also cause blood and tissue necrosis, and even lead to death.
2. Eye lesions cause eye symptoms such as iritis, keratitis, uveitis, and even blindness.
3. Ear lesions cause hearing impairment.
4. Digestive system lesions cause anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain or pain in the right upper quadrant.
5. Respiratory system lesions cause difficulty breathing, cough, chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath and hemoptysis, can cause pleural effusion or blood. Occasionally, the worm can be coughed up with sputum, lung inflammation or pleurisy.
6. Urinary system lesions can cause cystitis, hematuria can occur, urinary foreign body sensation.
7. Central nervous system lesions cause encephalomyelitis, headache, quadriplegia, epileptic seizures, meningeal irritation, limb paralysis or palsy, paraplegia mainly with paraplegia, with urinary retention. The central nervous system has a poor prognosis.
8. Cardiovascular disease can cause acute myocardial infarction and shock.
Symptom
Symptoms of skin and mouth larvae common symptoms dyspnea nausea anorexia abdominal pain diarrhea abscess angioedema scales
The clinical manifestations vary in severity, from no symptoms to severe symptoms. In the case of larval invasion for 1 to 2 days, fever, discomfort, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, urticaria, larvae move under the skin, and the initial onset is about Broad bean size, round non-depressed induration or plaque, reddish to bright red, hard to touch, resembles angioedema, with the migration of the worm, the damage is a limp-like lumps, consciously itching Or severe tenderness, about 1 to 4 weeks or so, the mass can be regressed, leaving the broad bean induration, the surface is pigmented and a small amount of scales, which occurs in the eyelids, the subcutaneous tissue of the scrotum and other subcutaneous tissue damage is particularly obvious, after the secondary can be secondary Abscess.
The damage is mostly limited to the skin, and is more common in the abdomen, back, limbs, and head and face.
Can be accompanied by fever, general malaise and other systemic symptoms, occasional visceral (lung, brain, bladder) and eye involvement, cough, dyspnea, headache, quadriplegia, epileptic seizures and iritis, keratitis , uveitis and other eye symptoms, even blindness.
Examine
Examination of skin and jaw worm disease
Peripheral blood eosinophilia, lymphocytic infiltration can occur when aphids migrate. Histopathology: Aphids can be detected in the subcutaneous tissue, and most eosinophils are surrounded.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of skin and oral cavity disease
History of the above-mentioned fish and contaminated raw water, such as raw or unfamiliar, varies in length and can range from days to weeks to years, clinical manifestations, histopathology and laboratory tests.
Should be differentiated from angioedema, angioedema occurs and disappears faster than the disease, damage mostly occurs in the soft parts of the skin, does not present a moving strip-like lumps, consciously itching, not feeling severe pain.
