congenital absence of fibula
Introduction
Introduction to congenital absence of the humerus In the congenital absence of long bones, the lack of humerus is the most common, but it is generally after 5 years of age to determine whether the tibia is completely absent. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.00016% Susceptible people: seen in children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: spina bifida
Cause
Congenital absence of the tibia
(1) Causes of the disease
In the early stages of the embryo, the limb was originally formed based on a loss of 8 weeks ago, causing deformity.
(two) pathogenesis
Some people think that the lack of the humerus secondary to the lesions of the limb muscles, the shortening of the sacral and calf triceps will enhance the stress of the tibia and the foot, often causing the calf arch and the foot valgus deformity.
Prevention
Congenital absence of humerus
Measures to prevent fetal malformation 1. Early pregnancy, avoid fever and cold. Women who have had high fever in early pregnancy, even if the child does not have obvious appearance deformity, brain tissue development may be adversely affected, manifested as mental retardation, poor learning and reaction ability, this mental retardation can not be restored. Of course, fetal fever caused by high fever is also related to the sensitivity of pregnant women to high fever and other factors.
Measures to prevent fetal malformation 2. Avoid access to cats and dogs. Few people know that cats with bacteria are also a source of infectious diseases that are a great threat to fetal malformation, and cat feces are the main route of transmission of this malignant infectious disease.
Measures to prevent fetal malformation 3, to avoid women who wear makeup every day. The survey shows that the incidence of fetal malformations in heavy makeup is less than 1.25 times that of heavy makeup. The main adverse effects on fetal malformation are arsenic, lead, mercury and other toxic substances contained in cosmetics, which affect the normal development of the fetus. Secondly, some of the ingredients in the cosmetics are exposed to ultraviolet rays in the sun to produce teratogenic aromatic amine compounds.
Complication
Congenital humerus lack of complications Complications
Can be accompanied by foot drop, foot valgus and spina bifida.
Symptom
Symptoms of congenital absence of the humerus Common symptoms Syndrome atrophy of the iliac crest muscles
Tibial shaft fractures are most common in systemic fractures. Children under the age of 10 are especially common. Among them, the humeral shaft has the most single fracture, the humeral shaft is double-folded, and the humeral shaft has the least fracture. The humerus is the main skeleton that supports the weight of the underside of the femur. The humerus is an important bone that attaches to the calf muscle and bears 1/6 of the weight. The morphological changes of the lower third of the humerus are prone to fracture, and the upper third of the fractures are displaced, which is easy to compress the radial artery, causing severe ischemic gangrene in the lower leg. One third of the humerus fractures can be closed in the compartment of the calf of the calf, increasing the pressure in the chamber causing ischemic muscle contracture into gangrene. The lower third of the humerus fracture causes the trophoblast to break, which is easy to cause fracture and delay healing.
Minhang, calf shortening, visible humeral arch deformity, foot valgus, external paralysis disappeared, and accompanied by other limb shortening deformity.
Coventry and Johnson divided the disease into three types:
Type I: The unilateral part is missing, the calf can be moderately shortened, and generally there is no disability.
Type II: The tibia is almost completely missing, the limb is extremely short, the tibia is deformed in the middle 1/3 and the lower 1/3, the skin is dimpled, but there is no adhesion to the arch end; the foot is drooping and everted; the ipsilateral femur is also Shortened, even if treated, the function is poor.
Type III: May be unilateral or bilateral, with other serious abnormalities, such as upper extremity or femoral deformity, and spina bifida. This case is more common and the prognosis is poor.
Examine
Congenital examination of the absence of humerus
X-ray examination can show the absence of the humerus.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of congenital sacral defect
Diagnosis can be established based on clinical presentation and X-ray films.
Clinical symptoms: local pain, swelling, deformity is more pronounced, showing angular and overlapping shifts. Attention should be paid to the presence of common peroneal nerve injury, anterior and posterior tibial arterial injury, and increased tension in the anterior tibial region and the gastrocnemius muscle region. Often the complications caused by fractures are more severe in the fracture itself.
Diagnosis: The position of the humerus is superficial, and the local symptoms are obvious. With X-ray examination, the diagnosis is not difficult. However, attention should be paid to the complication of fractures, the degree of soft tissue injury should be carefully examined, symptoms should be found in time, and treatment should be done in time.
Auxiliary examination: X-ray positive position should include the full length of the humerus to avoid missed diagnosis. X-ray can be seen in the fracture line, broken bone fragments, broken ends and so on.
