water and sodium deficiency
Introduction
Introduction to water shortage and sodium deficiency Water scarcity and sodium deficiency are very common in surgical clinics. It can be caused by insufficient intake or excessive loss due to various reasons. Because of the close relationship between water and sodium in the body, water shortage and sodium deficiency are present at the same time. The reasons for lack of water and sodium deficiency are different, and the degree is different. There are three types in clinical: the isotonic fluid loss of water and sodium is called isotonic water shortage, hypertonic water shortage refers to lack of water. In the absence of sodium; hypotonic water shortage is less water than sodium deficiency. Different types of pathophysiological changes and some clinical manifestations are also different, and should be identified before treatment. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.001% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: narcolepsy
Cause
Water shortage and sodium deficiency
It can be caused by insufficient intake or excessive loss due to various reasons. The causes of water shortage and sodium deficiency are different, and the degree is also different. There are three types in clinical classification: water and sodium isotonic liquid loss Isotonic water shortage Hyperosmotic water shortage means that water shortage is more than sodium deficiency; hypotonic water shortage is less water than sodium deficiency.
Prevention
Water shortage and sodium deficiency prevention
Positive and correct preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken. For patients who cannot eat, the daily requirement should be supplemented.
Complication
Water shortage and sodium deficiency complications Complications, narcolepsy
The imbalance of water, electrolytes and acid and acid balance is often secondary to the process of various diseases, affecting the prognosis of the primary disease, and even directly killing.
Symptom
Symptoms of water shortage and sodium deficiency Common symptoms Nausea, apathy, fatigue, drowsiness, dullness, dizziness, no urine, bloating, blood pressure, coma, coma
1. thirst, dizziness, fatigue, paralysis, indifference, slow response, lethargy, coma.
2. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and bloating.
3. Less urine, even no urine.
4. Skin elasticity is reduced, lips and skin are dry, and eye sockets are sunken.
5. Shallow vein collapse, heart rate increases, blood pressure drops.
Examine
Water shortage and sodium deficiency check
1. Isotonic water shortage: there are a large number of vomiting, diarrhea, extensive burns, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis and other medical history, thirst, oliguria, anorexia, lethargy, poor skin dryness, rapid heart rate, blood pressure and other clinical manifestations, Laboratory tests showed that the blood was concentrated, the hematocrit was increased, and the serum sodium and chlorine were not significantly reduced.
2. Hypertonic water shortage: high fever, a lot of sweating, fasting and other medical history, thirst, urinary diarrhea as the main performance, severe cases of pubic and even coma and other clinical manifestations of serum sodium higher than 150mmol / L, urine The specific gravity is high and the blood cell pressure is increased.
3. Hypotonic water shortage: After a large amount of body fluid loss, only the history of water or sodium supplementation, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, fainting when standing upright, blood pressure is easy to decline, etc., serum sodium is lower than 135mmol / L, low urine specific gravity, urine sodium, chlorine reduction, blood concentration, increased hematocrit.
4. In the course of treatment, it is necessary to repeatedly check the hematocrit, urine specific gravity and blood biochemistry, and adjust the fluid replacement in time.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of water deficiency and sodium deficiency
Diagnosis can be based on the cause, symptoms and related tests.
