dysplastic mole
Introduction
Introduction to dysplasia Dysplastic nevus (dysplastic nevus) is also known as dysplasia syndrome; BK syndrome; clinically often mistaken for superficial disseminated malignant melanoma, and this disease has a certain relationship with the occurrence of malignant melanoma, tend to Family morbidity. About 1/3 to 1/5 of dysplasia histology is similar to malignant melanoma. The differentiation disorder of dysplasia may have a certain genetic basis. The damage can occur in any part of the body surface. Resection is still the first choice. treatment method. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.0002%-0.0003% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: malignant melanoma
Cause
Dysplasia
Sun exposure (28%):
Can occur in childhood, about 1/3 to 1/5 of dysplasia histology is similar to malignant melanoma, cell atypicality and proliferation have a certain correlation with sun exposure.
Chromosomal factors (22%):
Studies have shown that dysplasia is associated with partial deletion of chromosome 11 and testicular germ cell tumors. Familial malignant melanoma and dysplasia are also associated with endocrine gland syndrome, autoimmune polygland syndrome, but At present, the above correlation cannot be completely determined.
Genetic (30%):
The differentiation disorder of dysplasia may have a certain genetic basis. Endogenous hormones and the external environment promote the development of this disease. Genetic analysis of families susceptible to malignant melanoma is considered to be autosomal dominant disease, and abnormal genes may be The presence of 1p35 or 9p21. results in abnormal cell differentiation caused by the cell cycle enzyme p16/CDKN2A mutation. In addition, excessive photochemical products produced by UV-induced dysplasia can cause malignant transformation of cells.
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis is still unclear. Abnormal genes may be present at 1p35 or 9p21. The cell cycle enzyme p16/CDKN2A mutation causes abnormal cell differentiation. In addition, excessive photochemical products produced by UV-induced dysplasia can cause malignant transformation of cells.
Prevention
Dysplasia prevention
It is very important to maintain a good attitude, to maintain a good mood, to have an optimistic, open-minded spirit, and to be confident in the fight against disease. Don't be afraid, only in this way can you mobilize your subjective initiative and improve your body's immune function.
Complication
Dysplasia and complications Complications malignant melanoma
There are usually no special complications.
Symptom
Dysplasia symptoms common symptoms black skin
1. Damage can occur anywhere on the body surface, but is most common in the trunk, followed by the limbs, and again on the face.
2. Damage to single or multiple hairs, usually larger than sputum cells, some diameters can exceed 7mm, the center is always high, hairless, different in size, irregular or unclear edges, uneven color.
3. When the lesion is multiple, it can develop into malignant melanoma, but if it is a single, it has nothing to do with malignant melanoma.
In typical cases, a pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis without difficulty, but when there is a tendency to spread the superficial epidermis, it is difficult to determine.
Examine
Dysplasia check
Tissue performance: The tissue configuration of this disease is more important than the characteristics of cytology.
The organizational configuration is:
1 The majority is a composite scorpion type, and the minority is a junction type.
2 The marginal junction of melanocytes expands beyond the range of central dermal sputum cells.
3 The junction cells are in a "bridge" fusion.
4 epidermal extension, especially at the edge junction.
5 The epidermis has a basal cell nest on both sides and on both sides.
6 melanocytes are visible in the middle or upper part of the epidermal cell layer, mostly nested.
7 often have mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration.
8 There is a thick and wide collagen band around the epidermis.
Cytological features: The nucleus of melanocytes is large and deeply stained, with pleomorphic and irregularities, or nucleoli, but no mitotic figures.
Diagnosis
Dysplasia diagnosis
It is mainly necessary to closely observe whether malignant changes occur in this disease. Regular follow-up should be carried out. If it is difficult to check the progress of skin lesions, it should be preventive resection. Therefore, it should be differentiated from skin melanoma. This is a malignant tumor of the skin. It is highly malignant and usually manifests as a skin pigmentation that progressively increases in a short period of time. It may be accompanied by rupture, necrosis and foul odor of the skin. Patients should avoid sunbathing and actively protect themselves from sun exposure. Pathological biopsy can be clear.
