metatarsal fracture
Introduction
Introduction to tibia fracture Tibial and phalangeal fractures are clinically common, accounting for 7% of total body fractures, of which 2/3 are phalangeal fractures, 1/3 are humeral fractures, and sesamoid fractures are extremely rare. Symptoms are mainly characterized by swelling of the back of the foot, weight of the toe and walking with the heel. If there is more subcutaneous hemorrhage, the back of the foot can be highly swollen. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.17% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: interphalangeal neuralgia
Cause
Cause of humeral fracture
Direct violence and impact (35%)
Violence directly affects the humerus, or impact, which can lead to bone damage to the tibia, damage to the integrity of the tibia, fractures of the tibia, often open fractures. Direct violence and impact are the main causes of patella fractures.
Sprain (35%)
Excessive torsion of the ankle joint, tearing the joint capsule, ligament and tendon attached to the joint outside, if the external force is too large, it will lead to bone damage, damage the integrity of the bone, causing fracture of the tibia.
Pathogenesis
The humerus is between the tibia and the phalanges, 1 to 3 tibia and heel, distance, the inner and longitudinal arches of the foot and the cuneiform bone, 4,5 tibia, calcaneus and tibia constitute the lateral longitudinal arch, 5 humerus and cuneiform bone In the shape, the back side is wide, and the ventral side is narrow, and they are connected to each other to form a transverse arch of the foot (shaped like an arch bridge). The bones have strong ligament connections to each other to maintain the shape of the foot and the arch of the foot. Physiological function, based on this feature, in the treatment of humeral injury, attention must be paid to the maintenance and recovery of the arch. The violence that causes the fracture of the tibia can be caused by sprain or conduction. However, more cases are caused by direct impact or impact of heavy objects. Therefore, except for the first metatarsal, there are few single cases, and many cases Accompanied by dislocation.
Prevention
Prevention of tibia fracture
Avoid trauma. In daily life and work, do a good job of safety protection, avoid violence directly on the body and cause fractures. At the same time, choose the right shoes to avoid sprains.
Complication
Coma bone fracture complications Complications interphalangeal neuralgia
The back of the foot is swollen and subcutaneously bleeding.
Symptom
Symptoms of humeral fractures Common symptoms Sprained back of the foot Swelling thigh Local swelling Deformation Heel walk
1. Symptoms : The main manifestations are swelling of the back of the foot, weight of the toes and walking with heels. If there is more subcutaneous hemorrhage, the back of the foot can be highly swollen.
2. Clinical manifestations of tibia-fighting fractures : mainly local pain, tenderness, fatigue, weakness and symptoms such as continued marching restriction; X-ray plain film is difficult to show early, fracture line appears after 2 to 3 weeks, and periosteal hyperplasia The reaction changes.
Type:
1 humeral head fracture: mostly due to direct violence, the frontal articular surface is also affected at the same time, clinically less common.
2 humeral neck fracture: more than the former, the head easily displaced to the temporal side after fracture, need to be reset.
3 humeral shaft fractures: also caused by external impact or extrusion, more common, often more than one tibia occurs simultaneously.
4 humeral basal fractures: may be caused by direct violence or foot sprains, especially the fifth humeral basal fracture, more than 90% caused by the sacral short muscle traction caused by varus injury, this should be noted Osteophytes (children's patients) and sesamoids are identified.
5 tibia march fractures: also known as march fatigue fractures, more common in the 2nd and 3rd humeral backbone, long-distance marching soldiers are more common, so many are called marching fractures, due to repeated, overloaded compressive stress The longitudinal arch formed on the foot formed a fracture, the second and third metatarsal forces were the most stressed, but the bone strength was not as strong as the first metatarsal, so it is easy to fracture here.
The diagnosis of humeral fractures is generally easy, the history of trauma is more clear, and the bone is superficial and easy to check, and the X-ray film is generally clear; but the fracture of the humerus base can be caused by improper X-ray projection angle. It is difficult to identify, and it should be based on clinical diagnosis.
Examine
Examination of the fracture of the tibia
X-ray examination of the tibial fracture: Through these X-rays, the bones are avulsion, the shape of the tibia (height, width and length) is changed, and the joint surface is compressed. However, the fracture of the march showed fractures after two weeks and there was a periosteal hyperplasia.
CT examination: CT scan showed increased density of bone marrow cavity and local soft tissue thickening, which provided an important basis for early diagnosis.
MBI examination: visible bone tissue integrity is impaired, periosteum and peripheral blood vessels are damaged.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of tibia fracture
Diagnostic criteria
The diagnosis of humeral fractures is generally easy, the history of trauma is more clear, and the bone is superficial and easy to check, and the X-ray film is generally clear; but the fracture of the humerus base can be caused by improper X-ray projection angle. It is difficult to identify, and it should be based on clinical diagnosis. After the injury, the foot pain, swelling, subcutaneous ecchymosis, foot shortening deformity, can not walk, the examination can be found in the fracture of the localized tenderness, longitudinal buckle pain, the forefoot's positive, lateral and oblique X-ray film can be Accurately determine the location, type and displacement of the fracture.
