Transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy
Introduction
Introduction to transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy, also known as neonatal transient hypogamma-globulinemia, is a primary humoral immunodeficiency disease. Most patients with this disease do not need to apply -globulin preparations. If the baby grows normally, serum IgG is greater than 2.0g/L, and it is proved that there is antibody formation, no special treatment is needed. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002% Susceptible people: children Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: respiratory infections
Cause
The cause of transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy
Causes:
In normal babies at 3 months after birth, 90% of -globulin obtained from the mother in the blood is slowly catabolized and gradually disappears. IgM antibodies are synthesized from birth, and the level rises rapidly, reaching normal at 1 year old. At 75% of the human level, IgA is synthesized in the third week after birth, and reaches 75% of the normal level by the end of 2 years. The IgG is synthesized at the end of the second month after birth, and reaches the normal level at the end of the first year. In the case, the time when the infant -globulin began to synthesize was abnormally delayed, and the cause of the disease was unknown, and there was no obvious genetic tendency.
Pathogenesis:
The pathogenesis is unclear. Some scholars have pointed out that the maternal antibody directly targets the Gm hereditary antigenic determinant on the surface of infant immunoglobulin, thus delaying the immunoglobulin synthesis in infants.
Prevention
Prevention of transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy
Strengthen care and nutrition to improve patient resistance and immunity and prevent infection.
Complication
Complications of transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy Complications, respiratory infections
Generally no special complications.
Symptom
Symptoms of transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy Common symptoms Pre-auricular lymphadenopathy Repeated upper respiratory tract infection bacterial infection
The incidence of men and women in this disease is similar. The patient will start to produce IgG 9 to 15 months after birth, and reach normal level at 2 to 4 years old. This defect can be recovered after 18 to 30 months after birth. It is called transient low gamma globulinemia.
During the period of lower serum IgG, symptoms similar to congenital no-gamma-globulinemia can occur clinically, and infections such as skin, respiratory tract and meninges caused by Gram-positive bacteria frequently occur.
9 to 15 months after birth, frequent skin, respiratory and meningeal infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, immunological examination of serum -globulin content is lower than normal, histopathological examination of lymph nodes is small or no germinal center, plasma cells are also Very few.
Examine
Examination of transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy
Immunological examination: The number of B cells in the peripheral blood is normal, during which the serum -globulin content is lower than normal.
Histopathological examination: lymph nodes are small or no germinal centers, and there are few plasma cells.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of transient hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy
Diagnosis can be based on symptoms, causes and related tests.
