psychosexual disorder

Introduction
Cause
Prevention
Complication
Symptom
Examine
Diagnosis

Introduction

Introduction to sexual psychological disorder Psychosocial disorder (syulcular disorder) is also called sexual degeneration (sexualdeviation, paraphilia), which refers to the fact that the psychology and behavior of sexual intercourse are significantly deviated from normal, and the main or unique way of sexual excitement and sexual gratification is the main feature. A group of mental disorders, other than the spiritual activities unrelated to it, have no other obvious abnormalities. It mainly includes three types: sexual identity disorder, sexual preference disorder and sexual orientation disorder, covering four aspects: sexual identity abnormality, sexual object abnormality, sexual purpose abnormality and abnormal sexual behavior method. It includes many types such as dew, voyeurism, fetishism, and transvestites. The common features are the arousal of sexual excitement, the choice of sexual objects, and the behavior of sexual behaviors such as repeated and persistent. basic knowledge The proportion of sickness: 0.0052% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: depression

Cause

Cause of sexual psychological disorder

(1) Causes of the disease

In the early 19th century, scholars usually regarded sexual metamorphosis as a congenital anomaly. People often assume that the metamorphosis has a biological basis, but after a long period of research, although there are several meaningful research results, it has not been available for biological reasons so far. The exact proofs and conclusions that everyone has accepted are generally accepted by most scholars through acquired experience. Over the years, theoretical analysis has been influenced by psychoanalysis, psychodynamic theory and behaviorist school theory.

Decades of therapeutic practice and theoretical tests have proved that although the two schools of thought theory can explain and explain a few cases (cases), and have a positive effect on treatment, any school theory can not convincingly explain and treat most patients. The arguments of the Oedipus complex emphasized by psychoanalytic theory are mainly derived from hypotheses (Gelder, 1983; Bluglass, 1990). They are not based on the practice of most cases, so recently psychoticists have stopped emphasizing the Oedipus complex. Emphasizing the self-psychological defense mechanism to explain illustrative metamorphosis (Abel, 1984), behaviorism theory is mainly a collection of special therapies with some common points, not a strictly unified and unified theoretical model, although the theory of mental dynamics and The basic theories and methods of the behavioral theory model are obviously different, but in recent years, the theory of the occurrence, persistence and persistence of sexual metamorphosis has been discussed. The two factions have similar or consistent arguments. At present, some scholars such as Jon Weger (1980) Gene Abel (1989) proposed an integrated theoretical model, advocated the integration of various theories, and emphasized social texts. , Family environment, individual socialization and other factors, will now investigate the cause of the current main argument is as follows:

1. Discussion on biological factors

(1) Fetal development: Some people think that the Y chromosome reduces the growth rate of the male fetus, so that the information of the genome needs more time to translate, suggesting that the male fetus at birth is not as mature as the female fetus, which makes the male appear to a large number of pathogenic factors. More sensitive and more fragile, male sexual psychological disorder may be related to this factor, Ehrhardt (1968), Hawpson (1960) found in the experimental animal macaques less than 1 month female rhesus monkey fetal blood androgen (androgen) Male fetus, if there is a lack of androgen at this time, there is a tendency to produce female phenotype, but this hypothesis has not been confirmed in human fetal hormones.

(2) Brain development factors: The sexual differentiation of human brain and sexual organs has a tendency to spontaneously develop into feminine. When male testis secretes a large amount of testosterone, it can induce the differentiation of brain and sexual organs to males. Therefore, male sexual differentiation process More difficult than women, the chance of problems is correspondingly higher. Some people have also suggested abnormal plasma testosterone (testosterone) in patients with sexual metamorphosis, but it has not been proved for future verification.

(3) Impaired brain structure: Scholars have noticed that the leaves can cause fetishism (Epstein, 1961), the opposite sex dress (Daries, 1960), sexual abuse (Hucker, 1988), the corpse (Smith) Et al., 1978), but none of them can be confirmed in most cases. In alcoholic poisoning, Luyin (Ellis, 1956; Arieff, 1942), and the corpse (Bracenc, 1978) were found to produce dew after craniocerebral trauma. Reports of haze, schizophrenia, mental retardation, and senile psychosis with allergic behavior have been found, and Roser and Resnick (1988) reported that corpus callosum was associated with 11% of schizophrenia and alcoholism.

2. Psychosocial factors

(1) Psychoanalysis, psychodynamic theory: This theoretical view regards sexual metamorphosis as the result of the failure of heterosexual development during normal development, and may be related to some psychological stress in early childhood, usually male, including Castration anxiety and separation anxiety in the Oedipus complex, castration anxiety or separation anxiety that cannot be resolved in childhood, continue to play a role in the unconscious, when the patient is affected by the current environmental triggers, solving the reality of gender problems, setbacks or difficulties, in order to Alleviate this kind of anxiety, psychological conflict to obtain psychological peace, apply psychological defense mechanism, leading to the state of regression to the childish early stage of sexual psychology development, heterosexual development frustrated, so that sexual reproductive function can not be integrated into a mature development mode , that is, sexual impulses are fixed in immature sexual psychology, behavioral patterns, infants and young children aged 3 to 5 years old have an Oedipus complex, have attachment to the opposite sex parents, have a rejection tendency for same-sex parents, this stage is normal The development of sexual psychology lies in eliminating the attachment relationship of children to heterosexual parents and developing Recognition of same-sex parents, if this time can not achieve a smooth transition of this Oedipus complex, but still too attached to the opposite sex parent, a mature heterosexual gender relations in the future, there will be difficulties or obstacles.

General homosexuality is considered to be a manifestation of (boy) unsatisfied with homosexual parents, derived from the unresolved negative Oedipus complex, which is considered to be a reverse response to castration anxiety. The trend is to make the castration anxiety in the Oedipus complex, and the general view of the conflict has been modified. Many scholars believe that childhood castration anxiety can lead to aggressiveness, such as punishment, physical damage, etc., castration anxiety, Oedipus complex Conflict is regarded as one of the causes of neurosis, sexual function and psychological disorder. Separation anxiety is the most important concern of most scholars. It is widely recognized as the root cause of early childhood threats, such as maternal deprivation, abandonment, separation from mothers, punishment, etc. Considered to be an aggressive psychological mechanism, Stoller proposed sexual perversion in 1945. Attacking behaviors such as sexual abuse and the patient's hatred of the opposite sex are generally considered to be penalized or suffered in early childhood. The experience of shame, this is important in the etiology of the disease, the psychological mechanism of the disease, the famous French psychodynamic expert Nash It is pointed out that the causes of sexual abuse can be traced back to the infant period of less than 10 months. Because there is no externalization condition, and thus turn to personal attacks, he believes that self-punishment in order to get rid of guilt is some cause of concern. The reason why diseases such as neurosis are more common. In recent years, many scholars believe that sexual metamorphosis is a manifestation of serving women's (traits) identity and confronting women's identity.

For example, the opposite sex dress is a typical expression of identity. Lu Yinying is a manifestation against women (traits). It shows that I am not a woman through the act of showing Yin, and that I am not castrated in practice. Usually lack of masculinity, grace, introversion, timidity, masculinity, unconscious anxiety, potential inner conflicts, tension and anxiety, so reduce anxiety through depression, that is, from a symbolic way It manifested itself, and the patients behavior seems to be saying: Look, here I prove that I am indeed a man. (Gelhard, 1965), applying displacement to explain the pathogenesis of fetishism, thinking of sexual impulses Through the displacement to the unsuitable object, such as the opposite sex, the sacred object always has a symbolic meaning. The symbolic role is to express or represent a direct and concealed motivation in an indirect way. "The symbol is to eliminate the psychological inhibition." The concept of performance that cannot be expressed is freely expressed" (Ernest Jones), the symbol of sex is very broad, even Exudates, excretions (body odor, feces, urine) can form fetishes such as coprolagia, urolagnia, and some scholars believe that sexual abuse is the hatred and love of the opposite sex. The result of the ambiguous sentiment transferred to the lover, the theory of the psychodynamics puts important insights into the state of the period of understanding psychological development, is valuable and significant, but the theoretical perspective of psychoanalysis is emphasized in the early stage of the development of the individual. The role of experience in sexual deviation from behavior should recognize the child's self, the psychological foundation is only the starting point of a person's life. It is far from enough to explain the mature personality of adulthood with childhood experience, and how the psychological development process changes in the socialization process. In what form and how to retain it in the psychology and behavior of adults, it remains to be explored.

(2) The theory of behaviorism: The Soviet Union applied the theory of conditioning to explain fetishism in 1957, suggesting that the majority of metamorphosis is sexual excitatory and unrelated stimuli, combined by conditional mechanisms to form sexual metamorphosis, Rachman (1966) ) A picture of a female boot is repeated in front of a male volunteer experimenter, followed by a picture of a woman who is prone to sexual excitement. After several times of pairing, only the female boot image also has sexual excitement. Experiments suggest and prove the mechanism of conditionalization of fetishism. Carlisle and Young (1965) proposed the reasons for the formation of a consolidation of pathological conditions. They pointed out that accidental connection in the emergence of masturbation and sexual imagination is able to form a strong reinforcement. Thus, a pathological association is firmly formed, and a case study by DR. Evans (1968) has shown that 79% of patients with metamorphosis have deviating imaginary and have no aversive conditional treatment with obvious imaginary vaginal discharge. The sexually imaginary control group required more treatments (about 6 times more than the control group) to achieve the same effect, and showed sexual imagination and masturbation. The longer the worse the treatment, many scholars and therapists confirm and support the above comments (Marks, 1974, Maletzky and Glel, 1970, Clang, 1970, etc.).

(3) Integration theory model: In recent years, J. Meyer, G. Abel, etc. have advocated and developed the integration theory model. They believe that the factors may be the first experience in early life, or they may be simulations of behavioral deviations from others, or they may come from Early sexual abuse in children, because sexual problems are often not discussed in the family and society, so children's sexual deviation behavior can not be discussed with others in time, corrected, or shared with others, help, if there is negative recognition Knowing evaluation is often a bad sexual desire, sexual imagination and so on. After a long time, it can also cause inner conflicts to produce anxiety, and may also lead to certain sexual psychological disorders. In the process of socialization, good tutors can guide Children learn social expectation behavior, and vice versa may induce non-social behavior, sexual metamorphosis interest, imagination, generally begin in the early childhood stage, because sexual issues are always not allowed to be discussed in the family and society, so the child's sex If you deviate from the behavior, you can't discuss it with others in time, you can't get help in time, correct or share the pain with others. Suffering is often a bad sexual craving. After repeated and long-lasting imagining, it is gradually recognized. It is difficult to correct it because of repeated and persistent development. Abel also pointed out that there is a sense of guilt at the beginning. However, due to the intensification of the continuation of sexual activity, it is possible to gradually change the original correct perceptions and beliefs, and think that deviation from sexual behavior is reasonable, or that the victim is likely to agree or welcome.

3. The cause of the disease , the cause of the disease is due to the complexity of the cause, now only the psychological-social factors, the actual disease (case) examples are summarized as follows.

(1) Normal heterosexual adaptation is obstructed, frustration:

1 More common is to suffer from love setbacks, such as lovelorn, unrequited love, painful or repeated failures, frustrations when dealing with heterosexual friends.

2 The relationship between the spouse or the opposite sex (especially the sexual relationship) is difficult, dissatisfied, not harmonious, etc. Many sexually abnormal patients have no or no satisfactory relationship with their wives. It is common for patients to lack enthusiasm and interest in sexual life. Passiveness is obvious, and some even take evasive or tired or fearful attitudes. Most patients are sexually dysfunctional (positive impotence, premature ejaculation is common), and some feel great discomfort in any close contact with their wives (Suaith, 1990). Some patients have long-term lack of ability in the relationship with women, feel difficult, and some are afraid to interact with women. Most scholars see that patients are sexually abnormal when normal heterosexuality has been suppressed. Some patients can Tracing the experience of heterosexual aversion, the disharmony between husband and wife, the wife suffering from heavier physical illness, and the dissatisfaction of sexual life can lead to sexual deviation from behavioral consequences.

(2) There are major negative life events: reported in foreign literature and domestic cases, such as commercial pressure, job failure, bad treatment of parents, family pressure, job failure, frustration in housing allocation Depression, anxiety, etc. caused by the failure of interpersonal relationships.

(3) Children and adolescents are affected by the adverse factors in the family environment in the early stage, and the bad stimulation or experience in early childhood, including sexual stimulation, sexual excitement experience, such as parents sleeping with the opposite sex, bathing, parental misconduct Sexual behavior, the formation of sexual stimulation of children, sexual temptation, children, juveniles suffering from adult jealousy, sodomy, rape, premature frequent masturbation habits and other constitutive traumatic experience, sexual frustration; deformed parent family, that is, a tyrannical mother And a weak and incompetent father.

(4) The role of socially undesirable culture: obscenity, pornography can not only cause primary damage to the viewer, such as maintaining strong sexual excitement and persistent masturbation, but also secondary damage such as sexual problems. Attitudes, have special effects, such as changing the understanding of women, negative reactions to attitudes, increased aggression against women, longer the application of obscene articles, and longer duration of sexual perversion (Abel 1981), application of obscene articles Promoting repetitive crimes, Marshall (1988), and Caster (1985) of the control study report all pointed out that rapists, the majority of sex offenders who make up children, are more likely to use obscene articles than the normal asylum-stricken young people who control.

(5) Personality factors: Children and adolescents have special sexual interests, sexual preferences, sexual prejudice, etc., such as when they are young, they begin to have special interest and preference for the opposite sex, such as special preference for clothing hobbies, that is, special interests of the opposite sex, or Sexual prejudice, such as love of the same sex, but no sexual attraction or even boredom until the adolescence, such as the sense of despicableness of sex, guilt, fear, prejudice of sex as unclean, sexual abuse Prejudice, etc., most scholars at home and abroad believe that most people with sexual metamorphosis have prominent personality characteristics. We can see similar conclusions in the case of domestic diseases (cases), that is, people with prominent personality characteristics are more likely to be sexually active. Abnormal, most manifested as introverted, shy, quiet, less active, unhappy or lonely, gentler, and feminine, they lack the ability to interact with others, a significant number of male patients to female Prejudice, such as prejudice against women when self-esteem is hurt, provokes strong hate and revenge, but this research is not sufficient, still can not make more Body depth study to be definitive conclusion.

(two) pathogenesis

1. Rebellious psychology of adolescents and heterosexual exchanges Young people, due to the expansion of their interactions, have an increased sense of independence, often exhibiting independent personalities, and are unable to bear the guidance and requirements of educators, sometimes causing their resentment, but because young people recognize things Biased, sometimes it will have negative thoughts on any teaching (including correct instruction), showing irrational thinking tendency. In real life, it shows the emotions and behaviors of teenagers who deal with teachers, parents and certain things. Especially in the issue of dating, love, and marriage. For example, the friendship between the opposite sex is accused of being an early love by mutual interference. After the rebellious psychology, the contact is more intimate and more concealed. In some cases, the rebellious psychology is in some cases. There are also positive factors. From the perspective of seeking different thinking, it is an indispensable psychological factor for exploring scientific truth. If it is guided, it will help to explore the creative potential of young people.

2. Psychological conflicts during adolescence

(1) Conflicts between physiological maturity and insufficient knowledge preparation: Adolescent sexual organs and sexual function development lead to a series of changes in adolescent sexual physiology and sexual psychology, so it is urgent to understand relevant knowledge, but the current school and society in this aspect of education Insufficient, resulting in adolescents lack of sexual knowledge, adolescents' cravings, lack of school education, parents and teachers flashing their words, deeper sexual mystery, stimulating the curiosity of young people, so by borrowing books and other non- Access to sexual knowledge through normal channels creates opportunities for a variety of obscene products.

(2) Conflict between sexual demand and sexual repression: Sexual demand refers to physiological and psychological needs, is the development of sexual organs and their functional maturity and human instinct, and is strengthened with the maturity of sexual organs and various stimuli in the external environment. However, people are members of society and must be restricted by social ethics. This contradiction between demand and control will form a conflict. If sexual drive breaks through the line of reason, it will lead to loss of control of sexual behavior. Sexual misconduct.

(3) Conflicts between heterosexual love and self-restraint: the tendency of adolescents to have a good impression and love for the opposite sex is a normal psychological need, but public opinion from the family, school and society often causes it to suffer, thus causing adolescents A lot of pressure, even a sense of self-blame.

(4) Conflict between sexual role expectation and reality: adolescents often expect to develop into ideal characteristics of physiology, form and behavior that are compatible with themselves, but there is always a certain gap between reality and ideal, especially in terms of secondary sexual characteristics. The contradiction is more prominent, that is, it may not be able to reach the standards of good-looking men and ladies. This kind of conflict can be correctly guided, so that young men and women can accept reality, pursue more inner beauty, and maintain a balance of mind; otherwise it may lead to psychological setbacks and even psychological barriers. .

(5) Early love: The age limit of early love is still inconclusive. According to China's social and cultural traditions, ethnic customs and other comprehensive considerations, it is generally believed that middle school students fall in love should be regarded as early love, and the appearance of early love and adolescent sexual consciousness is related to sexual physiological maturity. This can cause problems with young boys and girls who are not mature in physical, psychological and social conditions.

(6) Sexual masturbation: Sexual masturbation replaces the word masturbation in the past, avoiding the latters derogatory meaning. Sexual masturbation is a normal phenomenon in human psychological development, which refers to touching oneself with hands or certain instruments. Genital tract is a normal way of venting sexual desire. Sexual masturbation is very common in adolescents. Boys are more than girls. Most sexual tensions are relieved after sexual masturbation. Therefore, the appropriate sex of young people is not harmful to health, but there is considerable Many people are affected by the unscientific traditional concept and the lack of sexual knowledge. They think that sexual masturbation is an immoral and unhealthy behavior. After sexual masturbation, there are self-blame, fear, shame and misunderstanding, and because of psychological Stress causes physical discomfort and autonomic dysfunction, insomnia, anorexia and other symptoms. It is worth pointing out that bad environment and emotional contradictions can often lead to sexual masturbation in children, as a means of eliminating anxiety, if parents are against children Strict punishment, the result will be counterproductive, often leading to more frequent caressing, touching your genitals.

3. Pathological psychology and pathogenesis of sexual psychological disorder From the perspective of morbid psychology, morbid sexual behavior is a recurrence and continuation of juvenile sexual experience, and lack of mental disability and resilience, some have been morbid since childhood. The behavior continues to adulthood, with more men. The personality characteristics of such people are that most people are not good at interpersonal communication, not good at communicating with the opposite sex, and appear shy in front of the opposite sex. Hey, this kind of prudent personality will lead to the confrontation. Difficulties lack of resilience, therefore, the pathological condition of morbid psychology is juvenile sex experience, personality characteristics and traumatic psychological incentives.

4. Pathogenesis of sexual identity disorder

(1) Effects of sex hormones during embryonic development: In the absence of fetal androgen, the male brain is more prone to errors in the sex selection mechanism. If the brain receives obstacles in the male body through hormones, it will be in the male body. Retaining female ingredients, and thus sexual orientation disorder and transsexuality occur more males than females. Studies have found that males and sexes have excessive androgen secretion, and related animal experiments suggest that hormones may be caused by intrauterine growth, making them Many people have increased sexual desire or masculinity.

(2) The theory of mother and child combination: the contact between mother and child has started since the beginning of pregnancy, and with the growth of the fetus and the baby, the mother and the baby have established a special close relationship, and the image of the mother occupies The whole soul of the baby, a feminine tendency will be established in the baby (regardless of men and women), this process is called "mother and child combination", but if this contact is too much, too strong and too long, so that This excessive demand hinders the recognition of the father, which will have a negative impact on the boy and lead to the beginning of feminization.

(3) The theory of living environment influence: the influence of living environment (social, family, especially the attitude of parents) is also one of the causes of sexual identity disorder. Some people think that the tendency of girls and men to change is due to the psychological lack of mothers. In the first year after birth, the mother-daughter who has never had a close relationship with her mother or daughter or physical contact will cause the female identity and feminization of the baby girl to be blocked.

Studies have suggested that parental behaviors that promote boys (such as dressing up women), or that do not block such behavior, usually begin in early years, 2/3 before 4 years old, and 1/3 before 6 years old, including psychology. It is difficult to separate from the mother, the mother is too careless, and he is not allowed to run and jump with other boys. He is emotionally lacking a model of male adult characters. The boy is so beautiful that the adults treat him as a girl, but the pathological female Not all of them are caused by interpersonal influences. Women's temperament does not necessarily develop into an adult's gender identity disorder. However, the chances of a girlish boy becoming a gender-converting disorder, a transvestite, and homosexuality are much greater than the average person.

(4) Gender identity disorder caused by organic causes: Hermaphrodites are not raised as a specific gender (or male or female), may have gender identity disorder, and cause attention after puberty, doctors should try to help this Classes of patients achieve their own desired gender anatomically and physiologically, and behavioral correction techniques can improve the social function of such people in gender roles.

5. Causes and pathogenesis of sexual preference disorder

(1) Biological factors: The abnormal configuration of EEG in patients with depressed yin is mainly in the forehead, which is characterized by excessive right activating (abnormal activation), which can be enhanced by visual cognition.

(2) psychosocial factors: Most patients have family, social environment adverse effects and bad experiences, usually in the child or adolescent sexual pleasure experience with certain items, heterosexual clothing, heterosexual body or bad visual temptation, etc. The combination of accidental contact and fixed by the conditional reflex mechanism or learning mechanism forms a strong sexual excitement dependence on the above situation, which leads to sexual deviation behavior. The formation of this mechanism can be obtained through repeated experience, but sometimes only once. A deep impression can cause a psychologically fixed shadow.

Partial abusive patients have suffered setbacks in their personal lives. Bullying or insults of bullying or heterosexuality have led to revenge and rebellious psychology and behavior against the opposite sex. Some patients have psychological abnormalities due to certain defects of their own. Strong sense of consciousness, with the abuse of the opposite sex, venting his sexual desire, expressing his own sense of authority, superiority, etc., is an over-compensation of inferiority complex, and some patients are misunderstood by the sexual relationship formed in their childhood. For example, the imitation and experience of abnormal sexual behavior in literary works, the father's abuse of the mother in the family life of the patient, also has an important impact on the occurrence of this disease.

The occurrence of sexual abuse reflects the patient's abnormal psychology of fear of being abandoned or rejected, or the continuation of behavioral satisfaction that is met by chance.

6. Causes and pathogenesis of sexually oriented disorders Since 1886, a large number of studies have been conducted on homosexuality. So far, it has not been possible to confirm the relationship between genetic factors such as heredity, endocrine disorders, physical fitness and homosexuality. Focus on the discussion of psychological factors and sociological factors, and believe that homosexuality is the result of a combination of factors.

(1) Biological factors:

1 Genetic factors: Although not yet confirmed, most researchers still believe that there may be special homosexual genes, but it is unclear whether they are in a single-gene or multi-gene form.

2 endocrine factors: Some studies suggest that (female) masculinization is due to the direct effect of dihydrotestosterone, blocking the formation of dihydrotestosterone to protect women from the effects of these hormones, this mechanism may be abnormal with women Related to the formation of homosexuality.

(2) Psychological factors: homosexuality is generally regarded as an expression of unsatisfied and heterosexual parental identity, derived from unresolved negative Oedipus complex, excessive contact with heterosexual adults during childhood, infection, and excessive cultivation Heterosexual temperament, affecting the development of masculine personality, feminine into the ratio, or parents because of gender preference, to the child to dress up the opposite sex, so that children appear gender identity barriers and "heterosexuality", grow up easily lead to homosexuality, in addition, in sex In psychological development, the role of temperament and sexual attitudes in the formation of sexual orientation can not be underestimated. Some adolescent men and women are frustrated by heterosexual love, and they are disgusted with the generalization of heterosexuality. Therefore, it is not uncommon to turn to homosexuality.

(3) Sociological factors: In a society where the two sexes are relatively loose, homosexual behavior is less accused, reviled, and homosexuality is popular. In places where it is difficult to reach the opposite sex (such as the army, prison), homosexual behavior will increase significantly, indicating that society Humanistic conditions are related to the occurrence of homosexuality, but the main factors affected by social factors are situational homosexuals. After changing living conditions, they are likely to become heterosexual or bisexual.

Prevention

Sexual psychological disorder prevention

Correct sex education is the most important social measure for prevention. Sex education must start from children. Parents can neither indulge and seduce their sexual development, nor can they sexually taboo and sexually block children; neither can children be exposed to pornography. Things can't make fear and guilt or other bad impressions on sex, and give proper guidance and scientific explanation.

1. Sexual Psychological Education At present, the work of sexual psychology in adolescents has been gradually carried out, but the emphasis on it is still insufficient. According to the current educational trends on this issue in China, the following points are put forward.

(1) Childhood gender role education: The role is the social behavior in the relationship between culture and personal relationship. It is a behavioral pattern associated with a specific location. Since ancient times, due to the particularity of gender and gender, different ethnic groups have been Culture and customs have gradually formed special behavioral patterns for male and female gender roles, such as men's and women's clothing, marriage, sexual psychology, sexual behavior and sexual ethics have specific norms, gender disguise (due to the family's long-term heterosexual expectations for children's mistakes Misleading behaviors and gender roles mislead the healthy development of sexual psychology, which will have a serious impact on people's physical and mental health. The health education of gender roles should start from four aspects: giving the correct role expectation and gender role dressing, To enable children to identify their sexual roles according to their clothing style, color, etc.; to guide the correct gender role behavior, to carry out game activities that are beneficial to gender formation according to the gender characteristics of children, pay attention to the behavior avoidance of men and women within a certain range, Do things that are contrary to the gender role, and form a man and girl behavior that fits the gender role from an early age. Give knowledge education (sexual knowledge, sexual ethics) and psychological induction to the corresponding gender roles; parents should carefully play their gender roles and set an example for their children.

(2) Sexual knowledge education: for children of different ages, carry out knowledge education about sexual physiology, sexual psychology, sexual anatomy, love marriage, etc. The sexual knowledge of young people and even college students is mainly from popular science books and literature and art propaganda, rarely With the attention and guidance of parents and society, sexual education in adolescence is a crucial issue.

(3) Sexual moral education: Sexual ethics refers to the ethical norms that stipulate the sexual behavior of each person. Sexual morality is infiltrated into professional ethics, family marital ethics and social morality. Sexual ethical standards should have voluntary principles, no harm principle, love The principle of sexual ethics can correctly control the sexual requirements expressed by physiological instinct without causing harassment of others and adverse effects on society; it can make your love and future family composition along a healthy and beautiful direction. Development, sexual moral education should run through the moral education of adolescents. Young people with noble morality and sentiment must have correct sexual morality.

When it is found that certain sexual deviation tendency of children has frequent or fixed tendency, it should be dealt with promptly. At this time, the attitude should be strict. If necessary, please ask the psychiatrist to assist in the treatment. After patient explanation and education, combined with environmental adjustment, its abnormality. Sexual behavior can be completely corrected.

2. Prevention of sexual identity disorder

(1) Establish appropriate parent-child relationship. In the process of maternal and child contact, it is necessary to avoid too little contact and avoid excessive contact. Especially boys should create the opportunity of father and son identification to avoid the symbiosis relationship between mother and child. The continuation is too long.

(2) It is important to conduct correct sexual identity designation and behavioral training in line with its biological gender, so that every child has a healthy and reasonable family life, try to avoid certain parent-child relationship disorder, and also help prevent it. The occurrence of this disease.

(3) Pay attention to the impact of the social environment.

3. Prevention and prevention of sexual preference disorder should start from childhood, vigorously promote scientific sexual education and popularization of sexual knowledge, and create a reasonable environment for heterosexual contact. Parents and parents should pay attention to check their own behaviors and parenting styles, and clean up and rectify the cultural market. To avoid the temptation of bad culture, the tendency of early sexual preference disorder for children and adolescents should be encouraged to actively participate in group activities and establish normal interpersonal relationships on the basis of positive guidance.

4. Prevention of sexual orientation disorder Pre- puberty is the best time to prevent homosexuality. Prevention must first find out whether children's family environment is easy to promote their development into homosexuals, and children who are homosexual tendencies are found to be unable to identify with their gender. Children who are unable to establish a satisfactory relationship with same-sex partners should pay close attention to the fact that for children with homosexual tendencies, families should pay great attention to them and deal with them in a timely manner. Children should not be considered to be young and take care.

Complication

Sexual psychological disorder complications Complications depression

In order to satisfy their sexual desires, they are often accompanied by a tendency to sexually violate others or violate the legitimate rights and interests of others.

Symptom

Sexual Psychological Disorder Symptoms Common Symptoms Frictional Metamorphosis Fascination Foot or Footwear Love Towels

I. Clinical manifestations

1. The clinical manifestation of sexual identity disorder Psychologically, the identification of one's own gender is opposite to the anatomical and physiological gender characteristics. There is a strong desire to change the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gender to achieve the conversion of gender. The sexual orientation is pure homosexuality. Most are male, they hate their own organs and require surgery to switch gender.

(1) Male sexual identity disorder: persistent and intense pain for being male, eager to be a woman (not wanting to be a woman because of any cultural or social benefits), or insisting that she is a woman and focused In women's regular activities, it is characterized by preference for women's dress, or a strong desire to participate in women's games or entertainment activities, and refuse to participate in men's regular activities, or stubbornly deny their male anatomy, such as assertion will grow into a woman, clearly expressed penis Or the testicles are disgusting, or think that the penis or testicles are about to disappear or better not.

(2) Female sexual identity disorder: persistent and intensely painful because you are a woman, eager to be a male (not wanting to be a male because of any cultural or social benefits), or insisting that you are a male, stubborn It shows that it is disgusting to women's wear, and insists on wearing men's clothing, or stubbornly denying the female anatomy, such as clearly indicating that there is a penis or a penis, or is unwilling to take a sputum, or expressly unwilling to develop breasts, menstrual cramps .

(3) Transsexuality: the identification of the gender and the anatomical and physiological gender characteristics are reversed, psychologically persisting aversion and changing the anatomy and physiological characteristics of the gender, in order to achieve the strong desire to change gender, and request to change to The anatomy of the opposite sex, physiological characteristics (such as the use of surgery or heterosexual hormones), expect to become heterosexual and accepted by others, and its sexual orientation is pure homosexuality.

It has been started since childhood, called primary or sexual susceptibility, and occurs at any stage after adulthood, due to transsexualism, homosexuality, homosexuality, schizophrenia, etc. Called secondary susceptibility.

Homosexuality: Both sexual orientations point to same-sex, but transsexuality is repugnant to their biological gender and has a strong desire to change gender, regardless of sexual activity or sexual excitement.

Transvestite: Transvestite has repeated impulsiveness and concealment. Usually, the clothes are normal. They wear the opposite sex clothes mainly to stimulate sexual excitement and gain sexual pleasure.

Double transvestite: Double disguise is the experience of wearing a heterosexual garment at a certain moment in an individual's life to temporarily enjoy being a member of the opposite sex, but there is no desire to permanently change the gender, nor is it intended to change the gender by surgery. Heterosexual clothing is not accompanied by sexual excitement, and his sexual orientation is often normal.

2. Clinical manifestations of sexual preference disorder

(1) Fetishism: repeated attempts to collect an inanimate object using a heterosexuality. It is driven by a strong association of sexual desire and sexual excitement, almost exclusively in men, in intense sexual desire and sexual excitement. Driven by Lenovo, it repeatedly appears through touching, smelling objects (such as bras, panties, stockings, etc.) that are in contact with the opposite sex, and by masturbation, or by the person or the requesting object during sexual intercourse, to obtain sexual gratification, there are also Some patients use certain parts of the opposite sex (such as hair, toes, legs, etc.) as sexual stimuli and sexual stimuli. Patients with fetishism generally do not like the original owner of the item, but only these Interested in items, entrusted with endless sexual imagination, and the hobby of products designed to stimulate the reproductive organs, is not a diagnosis.

Fetishism is almost only seen in men, often involving theft, and can repeatedly appear to collect the use of certain items used by the opposite sex, sometimes with voyeurism, mostly heterosexuals, patients are mostly timid, sniffing through the touch Class items, accompanied by masturbation acquired sexual satisfaction, so the object of love becomes an important source of sexual stimulation or the basic conditions for obtaining sexual satisfaction (the hobby of sexual tools that stimulate the reproductive organs is not a fetishism), does not constitute a feminine The threat of the body.

(2) Transvestite: also known as fetish transvestite, is a special form of fetishism, which is particularly fond of the opposite sex clothing, repeated strong desire to wear the opposite sex clothing, and put into action, which can cause Sexual excitement, the wear of the opposite sex clothing is mainly to obtain sexual excitement, when this sexual behavior is inhibited can cause obvious anxiety, the patient does not require to change the anatomical and physiological characteristics of their gender, their sexual desire is generally still opposite sex Interest, most patients have no difficulty in heterosexual life, and some patients only show low sexual desire. This disease is almost only seen in men, usually starting from 5 to 14 years old, accompanied by masturbation.

(3) Lu Yin: It is a tendency to recurrent or persist, manifested as repeated appearances in front of strangers or exposing one's genitals to people in public, in order to achieve a strong desire to cause sexual excitement, accompanied by sex Arouse and follow masturbation, but there is no further sexual activity for the selected exposed object (similar to the rapists use of Lu Yin as a means of sexual provocation, and thus rape), usually in public, and with The other party maintains a safe distance, some patients have a fixed sexual relationship, but when the sexual relationship conflicts, the impulse to show the yin will become more intense, if the witnesses show shock, fear or deep movement, the patient's excitement Often increased, this impulse is difficult to control in most patients.

This disease is almost only seen in men, usually lasts for at least half a year, most of which occurs in the early part of the youth. They use this kind of depressive behavior as the main or only means to alleviate the tension of sexual desire and gain sexual satisfaction and gain confidence. Not happy, the frequency of exposure varies from person to person, the patient's personality is flawed, they lack masculinity and self-confidence, most of them are not good at interpersonal communication, especially with women, behaving in front of women, shy, cautious The style is serious, never jokes with women, and there is no excessive behavior, work is serious and responsible, and the rules are followed.

(4) voyeurism: repeated peeks into the opposite sex, naked or other sexual activities to meet the strong desire to cause sexual excitement, can be on the spot masturbation or afterwards to recall the scene and masturbate to obtain sexual satisfaction, without revealing their wishes, There is no desire to have sexual relations with the peeper. This disease is almost only seen in men. It usually starts before the age of 15 and a few can have both yin or fetish behavior. Half of them are first ill after adulthood, most of them are not heterosexual, a few Heterosexuals, who have married and have children, but take the sneak peek and other deviations as the main or sole source of sexual gratification, watch obscene audio-visual products, and obtain sexual satisfaction, which does not belong to this disease.

(5) Tribology: Male patients in an crowded situation or when they are not ready, waiting for a certain part of their penis or body, repeatedly close to the opposite sex, contact and rub a certain part of the body of the opposite sex to achieve sex The purpose of excitement is that there is no requirement for sexual intercourse with the friction object, nor the desire to expose the genitals, often accompanied by lust.

(6) Sexual Abuse and Sexual Abuse: Sexual abuse is a repeated, intense sexual craving, sexual imagining, and an abnormal preference for a sexual activity that imposes psychological or physical harm on a sexual object. Sexual excitement, the main means of sexual gratification, lasts for at least half a year, the means is tied, causing pain and insult, etc., and can even cause disability or death. In contrast, sexual abuse is to withstand such injury or suffering. Acquire sexual excitement, sexual gratification, provide such behavior as sexual abuse, and accept abuse to reach sexual excitement as sexual abuse. Both can exist alone or together.

Sexually abused patients are mostly male, have a lot of personality, have a sense of despicable feelings, have hatred towards women, have sexual abuse of men and women, mostly women, men are more common in impotence patients, and some are abused as a strengthening Exciting stimuli; some people also get sexual pleasure by sniffing, licking clothes or physical dirt (such as urine, feces), and women are mostly snoring personality disorder, through this kind of "symbolic" behavior To overcome or offset its sinful feelings in terms of sexuality, the abused behavior is often acupuncture / cutting the breast, binding the body, Le neck and so on.

(7) Mixed sexual preference disorder: The most common combination is fetishism, transvestite and sadomasochism, which should be listed according to different types of sexual preferences and importance to individuals. Subtype.

3. Sexual orientation disorder clinical manifestations

(1)(Homosexuality)()

(2)

Examine

Diagnosis

Diagnostic criteria

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)()

(3)2

(4)

(5)

(6)CCMD-36CCMD-32()

(1)()(Fetishism)()()