anisometropia
Introduction
Brief introduction of anisometropia Myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism can all be relative to a single eye. If there is a difference in the refractive power of one or two meridians, it is called anisometropia. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: the incidence rate is about 0.004% - 0.007% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious complication:
Cause
Refractive causes
(1) Causes of the disease
The main factors that can cause anisometropia include:
1 Developmental factors: During the development of the eye, the degree of hyperopia is continuously reduced, and the degree of myopia is constantly developing. If the development progress of the two eyes is different, it may cause anisometropia.
2 abnormalities of binocular vision: anisometropia often occurs after strabismus, mainly due to the influence of strabismus or the destruction of the process of eyeball vision, interrupting the development of binocular vision.
3 trauma and other diseases can also cause anisometropia: the incidence of anisometropia in patients with ptosis is about 55%, others such as orbital hemangioma, retinopathy (glass volume blood, etc.), nuclear cataract.
4 surgical factors: some surgery can cause artificial anisometropia, such as implantation of intraocular lens, corneal transplantation, RK surgery.
According to the etiology of the disease can be classified as follows: hereditary (hereditary), including congenital glaucoma, congenital cataract and some diseases that cause eyelid closure, such as congenital oculomotor nerve paralysis, ptosis, etc.; acquired (acquired), Including traumatic, intrabulbar or peribulous space-occupying lesions and iatrogenic factors, such as aphakic eyes after monocular lens removal, refractive surgery, penetrating keratoplasty.
(two) pathogenesis
It is generally believed that the development of anisometropia is influenced by genetic factors, but the exact mechanism is still unclear.
Prevention
Refractive paravalosis prevention
It is necessary to actively deal with the primary disease when it is related to eye diseases.
Complication
Refractive parasitic complications Complication
No obvious eye complications.
Symptom
Refractive paradox symptoms common symptoms alternating ocular anisometropic amblyopia
1. Mild anisometropia can be without any symptoms.
2. The monocular anisometropia exceeds a certain degree, and the binocular single vision function is destroyed. In the stage of undeveloped visual development, in order to avoid the interference of the blurred object image, it will involuntarily suppress it, and the child is not binocular monocular. It is a single-eye single vision, that is, only the eyesight with better vision is used, and the other eye is discarded, and the monocular vision has no normal depth perception and stereoscopic vision.
3. After the amblyopia forms a monocular vision, the retina of the main visual eye is constantly subjected to normal visual stimulation, and the visual information is transmitted to the visual center through the visual path to form vision, and the visual function can be normally developed, and the wasteful eye is blurred. The image and the information it produces are suppressed, and the visual center does not react to the visual information of the eye. Over time, amblyopia is formed. Under normal circumstances, the degree of refractive error of the amblyopic eye is greater than that of the other eye. A large amount of data indicates that the hyperopic refraction The incidence of stigma amblyopia is high. In children with anisometropic amblyopia, most of them are hyperopic anisometropia. The degree of amblyopia is related to the age at which anisometropia occurs. The younger the age, the more severe the degree of amblyopia may be. Most scholars believe that Myopic anisometropia is less likely to cause amblyopia because myopia is more normal in myopia. At the same time, myopic anisometropia occurs later, rarely in the sensitive period of visual function development, even if myopic anisometropia Causes amblyopia, and the degree is often lighter.
4. Strabismus and amblyopia are not necessarily accompanied by strabismus, but if the eye function is suppressed for a long time and discarded, it is prone to strabismus.
5. Alternate vision occurs in both eyes with good visual acuity. Both eyes can look at the target, and can use two eyes alternately. The other case is that the child is myopia at one eye and the right eye or mild hyperopia at the other eye. When you look at the nearsightedness, you can use myopia or hyperopia to see the law of alternating use of both eyes. Although only one eye is used at a time, it is far away. No adjustments or collections are used when looking close, so there may be no symptoms.
Examine
Anisometropia
No special laboratory tests.
Mainly refers to computer optometry and retinoscopy, need to be carried out in a full ciliary muscle paralysis state, especially for adolescents, can accurately indicate the degree of anisometropia and refractive properties of both eyes.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic diagnosis
According to the results of binocular optometry, the diagnosis can be confirmed.
This disease is generally not confused with other diseases.
