Apocrine carcinoma
Introduction
Introduction to apocrine gland cancer Apocrine carcinoma (apocrinecarcinoma) is rare, commonly found in the apocrine gland distribution area, mainly in the armpits, and the deformed apocrine glands, Moll glands and parotid glands, respectively. Moderate or poorly differentiated apocrine adenocarcinoma, it is difficult to identify the source of apocrine glands. It is usually treated with surgical resection, and it is suitable for surgical resection combined with chemotherapy in the advanced stage. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.005% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: Functional Vomiting Headache
Cause
Causes of apocrine adenocarcinoma
The cause of the disease is not fully understood, and its occurrence may be related to long-term stimulation such as excessive sun exposure, radiation, arsenic, and tar derivatives. Burn scars, leukoplakia, chronic ulcers, long-lasting fistulas, discoid lupus erythematosus, radiation dermatitis and other skin damage can also be secondary to this disease, long-term local eczema impregnation, scratching and other stimuli may also become a causative factor, but Many patients have no obvious cause.
Prevention
Apocrine adenocarcinoma prevention
Pay attention to health, do a good job of safety protection, reduce and avoid the irritating and accidental damage of adverse factors, can play a certain preventive role.
In addition, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are also the key to the prevention and treatment of this disease. In case of onset, active treatment should be actively treated to prevent complications. The diagnosis relies mainly on histopathological examination. Pathologically, according to the source of tumor cells, there are points of apocrine adenocarcinoma and small sweat gland cancer.
Complication
Coma aggressive adenocarcinoma Complications, functional vomiting, headache
Distant metastatic performance: The most common metastatic sites for adenocarcinoma are the brain, bone, liver and adrenal glands. Intracranial hypertension and localization symptoms may occur in patients with brain metastases, including headache, vomiting, blurred vision, dizziness, weakness of one limb, and ataxia. Localized pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia can occur in patients with bone metastases. Patients with liver metastases may have anorexia, liver pain, hepatomegaly, jaundice and ascites.
Adrenal metastasis may occur with high blood pressure, and may not have any symptoms. In addition, adenocarcinoma can also be transferred to the surface of the lymph nodes, the most common is bilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, local mass can appear, but not painful, it is unintentionally found.
Symptom
Apocrine gland cancer symptoms common symptoms nodular cystic plaque
It is common in the area of apocrine glands, mainly in the armpits, occasionally in the female genitals, eyelids and external auditory canal. The latter two have deformed apocrine glands, Moll glands and parotid glands. Single or multiple lesions, nodular or cystic plaques, 1.5 to 8 cm in diameter, the surface of the skin is red or purple, even broken, although some apocrine glands only local invasion, but others transferred to the local Lymph nodes, some patients can also die due to extensive metastasis.
According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry contribute to the judgment of apocrine-derived tumors.
Examine
Examination of apocrine adenocarcinoma
Histopathological examination: The tissue appears to be a well-differentiated, moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The well-differentiated apocrine adenocarcinoma has a limited degree of nuclear atypicality and invasiveness. There are well-developed glandular cavities with cystic and branched lumens. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells is strongly acidic, at least in some areas with apocrine glands. Decapitation secreted evidence. In addition, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contains PAS-positive, amylase-resistant granules, and no myoepithelial cells. Moderate or poorly differentiated apocrine adenocarcinoma, it is difficult to identify the source of apocrine glands.
Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry contribute to the judgment of apocrine-derived tumors. 40% to 50% of apocrine adenocarcinoma, positive staining with Prussian blue. The giant cystic disease liquid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) is strongly positive.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and identification of apocrine adenocarcin
It should be differentiated from the cyst of the affected area. The lesion is a multi-hemispherical bulge with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm. The surface of the skin is normal, or it is light yellow, light blue, and the hardness of the rubber sample can be moved. Sometimes a concave hole is visible in the center of the top portion from which the sebum-like substance can be squeezed out. Occurs in the chest, forearm flexion and scrotum. Starting from adolescents, it gradually increases and occurs in men. Generally no symptoms, such as secondary infection, local redness, pain.
