Skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds
Introduction
Introduction to skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds 1. Industrial applications: Common nickel industries include mining, smelting, electroplating, chemicals, petroleum refining, dyes and coin manufacturing. Pure nickel (99.4%) is used for electroplating, and nickel alloys are used to make meters and machine parts. Nickel powder is used as a catalyst. Nickel is also used in the manufacture of alkaline storage batteries, enamels, etc. Nickel compounds that are often in contact with the industry are nickel oxide (NiO), nickel oxide (Ni2O3), nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2], sulfuric acid. Nickel (NiSO4·7H2O), nickel chloride (NiCl2) and nickel nitrate [Ni(NO3)2·6H2O], etc., in the gaseous state, nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)4]. 2. Physical and chemical properties: Nickel is a silver-white hard metal, mainly derived from sulfide ore and arsenic-nickel ore. In the inorganic compound of nickel, oxides and hydroxides are insoluble or slightly soluble in water, and salts thereof are easily soluble in water. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.02% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: bronchitis, allergic pneumonia
Cause
Causes of skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds
(1) Causes of the disease
In nickel-plated or electrolytic nickel plants, dermatitis often occurs due to the stimulation of dust or volatile matter. Nickel dermatitis has a great relationship with the season, and is generally more common on hot days.
(two) pathogenesis
Its incidence is related to the stimulation of nickel sulfate volatiles. Some people think that sweat can dissolve metal nickel, thus promoting the occurrence of dermatitis. Nickel dermatitis mainly occurs through allergic mechanism and belongs to delayed type allergic reaction.
Prevention
Prevention of skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds
Since the disease is clearly exposed to nickel and its compounds, avoiding contact with such compounds is the most effective way to prevent this disease. Enhance personal protection, including wearing long rubber gloves and long boots. Use long aprons, wear protective glasses, masks, etc., to avoid contact with air contaminated by nickel and its compounds. If contact is inadvertently, it should be cleaned immediately to avoid damage to the skin.
Complication
Skin disease complications caused by nickel and its compounds Complications bronchitis allergic pneumonia
Nickel can still cause allergic pneumonia and bronchitis.
Symptom
Symptoms of skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds Common symptoms Herpes herpes
Skin lesions mainly occur in the hands, forearms, face and neck and armpits. The basic damage is red pimples, which are from needle to mung bean size, and some can be fused into pieces. The main itch is itchy. For the herpes type, the intake of unequal amounts of nickel can continue the symptoms, and the urinary nickel content increases during the rash episode.
Examine
Examination of skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds
The disease mainly occurs in exposed parts such as the face, neck and upper limbs, which can cause urticaria. The skin patch test with a 1% sodium nickelate solution had a positive rate of 91.7%. In addition, it has been reported that nickel can also reduce the content of cystine in hair and nails of production personnel, and mention that the appearance of dark green moss on the tongue is a special manifestation of nickel occupational poisoning, so the examination is mainly based on the characteristics of rash and Detection of cystine content in nails.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of skin diseases caused by nickel and its compounds
The use of a 5% to 10% aqueous solution of nickel sulfate as a patch test contributes to the diagnosis of nickel dermatitis.
This disease is generally not confused with other diseases.
