Periosteal chondroma
Introduction
Introduction to periosteal chondroma Periosteal chondroma, also known as paracortical chondroma, is a benign chondroma derived from the periosteum or subperiosteal connective tissue. Lichtenstein and Hall first reported this tumor in 1952. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.03%--0.05% Susceptible people: no specific people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: chondroma
Cause
Cause of periosteal chondromatosis
Cause:
It is a benign chondroma derived from periosteum or subperiosteal connective tissue.
Pathogenesis
1. General examination: The typical periosteal chondroma is a round or oval-shaped lumps located outside the cortical bone. Most of the largest diameters are less than 4cm. The surface is covered with fibrous tissue and the tumor surface is visible. Leaf-like, light blue or gray-white hyaline cartilage; yellow-white calcification or streaks, tumors generally do not invade soft tissue and medullary cavity.
2. Microscopy: Periosteal chondroma is composed of hyaline cartilage lobes, some periosteal chondromas, which are seen as typical endogenous chondromas, that is, small and scattered cells, dense nuclear, and some cells are large The nucleus is atypical or binuclear. The margin of the tumor often has a large number of thin-walled blood vessels and reactive new bone formation lesions. At the edge of tumor growth, new bone can form a thin shell, and the base of the lesion is sclerosing new bone. And connected with the cortical bone, it is difficult to distinguish the chondromatosis from the periosteal soft tissue by histological examination alone.
Prevention
Periosteal chondroma prevention
1. Maintain an ideal weight;
2. Ingest a variety of foods;
3. A variety of vegetables and fruits are included in the diet each day;
4. Ingest more high-fiber foods (such as whole grain cereals, vegetables, fruits and fruits);
5. Reduce total fat intake;
6. Limit the intake of alcoholic beverages;
7. Limit the intake of pickled smoked and nitrite-containing foods.
8. Strengthen nutrition and choose foods that are easy to digest, contain enough calories, protein and vitamins. Such as porridge, milk, soft rice, soy milk, eggs, lean meat, fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins A, B, C. These foods can enhance the body's resistance.
Complication
Periosteal chondroma complications Complications chondroma
Compression of nerves, blood vessels, late dysfunction, lymphatic vessels, and hematogenous metastasis. Hematogenous metastasis refers to the phenomenon that cancer cells that have fallen off are taken to other parts of the body through the blood system and the same tumor occurs.
Hematogenous metastasis is one of the important ways of tumor metastasis. Hematogenous metastasis is the main mode of metastasis of most sarcoma, liver cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid follicular carcinoma, malignant melanoma and choriocarcinoma. The most common sites of hematogenous metastasis are the liver and lungs.
Symptom
Periosteal chondroma symptoms common symptoms slow growth persistent pain skin lumps
1. Clinical symptoms and signs: The incidence of periosteal chondroma is more than that of females, the ratio is 2:1, reported in all age groups, but most of the young adults or adults with morbidity under 30 years old, the clinical manifestations are in the onset Initially, the limbs are locally swollen for a prolonged period of time, with mild to moderate intermittent pain, or irregular lumps of slow growth on the limbs.
2. Predilection sites: Periosteal chondromas occur in long tubular bones, especially the tibia and femur account for about 70% of the total number of cases, and the incidence of hand and foot bones is 25%. Periosteal chondroma mainly invades the metaphysis, typical The site is the iliac crest, the proximal end of the tibia and the distal end of the femur, often at the point of attachment of the tendon and ligament.
Examine
Examination of periosteal chondroma
There is obvious soft tissue mass shadow near the cortical surface, which can compress the cortical bone near it into a superficial defect. The surface of the bone shows rough and uneven, and the periosteal reaction can occur. There is hardening in the bone marrow cavity. About 50% of the lesions are obvious. Calcification, these calcifications are often an important clue to the diagnosis, the large section of the cortical surface is rough and uneven, often misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of periosteal chondroma
diagnosis
According to the medical history, clinical symptoms, signs, predilection sites and typical X-ray findings, diagnosis can be made.
Differential diagnosis
Periosteal chondromatosis should be differentiated from periosteal chondroma and peri-cortical chondrosarcoma, but it is more difficult. Although patients with periosteal sarcoma are often older than patients with periosteal chondroma, and the tumor volume is large, it is difficult to distinguish in specific cases. The diagnosis is specifically considered by referring to the X-ray performance and the like.
