Femoral head fracture

• Introduction
• Cause
• Prevention
• Complication
• Symptom
• Examine
• Diagnosis

Introduction

Introduction to femoral head fracture Femoral head fractures are mostly caused by strong indirect violence and can occur separately, but more often combined with hip dislocation. The anterior dislocation of the hip can be combined with the fracture above the femoral head; the posterior dislocation of the hip can be accompanied by a fracture in the lower part of the femoral head or a fracture in the upper part of the head, and sometimes a fracture of the femoral head. Simple femoral head fractures are rare and are often part of hip injury, such as posterior dislocation of the hip and femoral head fracture. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.05% Susceptible people: good for the elderly Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: ischemic necrosis osteoarthritis

Cause

Cause of femoral head fracture

Violence factor (95%)

Mostly caused by conduction, shearing, and compression violence. Fractures occur in areas that are far from violent, and do not occur where violence directly affects. A fracture is caused by violence through conduction, leverage or rotation.

When the fall, the hip joint is in the flexion position, the knee is on the ground, and the external force is transmitted to the femoral head along the femoral shaft, which can break the posterior joint capsule and dislocate backward. If the hip flexes only 60° or less during the impact, the femoral head is more Collision with strong bones on the upper back of the acetabulum will cause acetabular fractures or fractures of the femoral head. These head fractures are caused by shearing and compression violence, and may also be avulsion fractures of the round ligament, such as the knee. When the part is on the ground, the femur is in abduction and external rotation. The upper end of the femur is like a lever. The femoral head is pulled forward out of the acetabular fossa, and the acetabular anterior or femoral head fracture may occur concurrently. Fracture types vary widely and can be associated with femoral neck fractures and even acetabular fractures.

Prevention

Femoral head fracture prevention

The disease is mainly caused by traumatic factors, and the fracture is caused by the conduction, lever or rotation of violence. Therefore, prevention work starts from life, and we must pay attention to safety.

Complication

Femoral head fracture complications Complications ischemic necrosis osteoarthritis

1. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head or fracture piece.

2. Secondary osteoarthritis. Symptoms can be treated after the above complications. If significant pain or dysfunction is caused, total hip arthroplasty should be considered. For patients with young osteoarthritis, surface replacement should be considered first.

Symptom

Symptoms of femoral head fracture Common symptoms Comminuted fracture Hip dislocation Joint effusion buttocks can be touched up... Inner thigh pain

In patients with femoral head fractures, the hips are swollen and painful, and the hips are severely restricted by pain. This fracture has many hip injuries, so there may be signs of posterior dislocation of the hip, flexion of the lower extremities, adduction, external rotation deformity, elastic fixation, limb shortening or signs of anterior hip dislocation.

Examine

Examination of femoral head fractures

Clinical routine examination: patients with femoral head fractures with swelling of the hip, severe pain, signs of posterior dislocation of the hip, flexion of the lower extremities, adduction, external rotation deformity, elastic fixation, limb shortening or signs of anterior hip dislocation.

Other auxiliary examinations: positive lateral radiographs, which can show fractures, CT and three-dimensional image reconstruction, can clearly explain the displacement of the fracture piece.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis and diagnosis of femoral head fracture

Large traumatic trauma with typical injury posture is helpful for diagnosis. All patients with dislocation of the hip should consider the possibility of a femoral head fracture. The hip anterior segment can help to confirm the diagnosis. The lateral position can be better. The anterior and posterior margins of the femoral head and acetabulum are shown, but it is often difficult to photograph after dislocation of the hip joint. The X-ray should be taken after the reduction, and the lateral radiograph should be used to exclude the femoral head fracture. If necessary, CT and 3D image reconstruction should be added. To determine the displacement of the fracture piece.

The violence that causes fractures of the femoral head is often large, and attention should be paid to the presence or absence of combined injuries in other areas, as well as peripheral nerves and blood vessels.