map tongue
Introduction
Map tongue introduction The map tongue (geographictongue) is a kind of benign, chronic, superficial, exfoliative localized tongueitis of unknown cause. It may be dominantly stained by the common stain. It belongs to the category of traditional Chinese medicine, mostly due to yin deficiency and virtual fire. Related to the grooved tongue, sometimes the grooved tongue can develop into a map tongue some years later. The incidence rate is about 2%, which is more common in adults and children. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.093% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: tongue cancer tongue disease sublingual infection
Cause
Map tongue cause
Genetic factors (35%):
Some people think that it is related to children's nervous system development and mood fluctuations. Some parents have also had map tongues, so they have a certain genetic tendency. The general map tongue is more common in children, especially infate infants.
Physiological factors (25%):
The physiological factors causing the map tongue are indigestion, B vitamins and trace element zinc deficiency, deciduous teeth eruption, replacement, chronic lesions, intestinal parasites and the like.
Environmental factors (15%):
May be associated with intestinal parasites or gastrointestinal disorders, many children can heal with age, but very few continue to adulthood.
Prevention
Map tongue prevention
In daily life, care should be taken to eliminate and avoid the stimulating factors that may induce the map tongue. If you do not eat spicy and irritating food, quit smoking and drinking hobbies, try to remove the lesions in the oral cavity, maintain oral hygiene, and brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush. Should be reasonable diet, pay attention to eat more foods rich in vitamins, such as fresh fruit, animal liver, etc., if necessary, can take compound vitamin B directly, regulating mood is also very important, because emotional stress or too much excitement may induce Map tongue, to avoid fatigue, adjust sleep, women should be treated for irregular menstruation.
Complication
Map tongue complications Complications, tongue cancer, sublingual space infection
The lesions are mainly located in the mucosa of the back of the tongue and the tongue margin, and may also spread to the tongue and abdomen mucosa, and are combined with psoriasis vulgaris or pustular psoriasis.
Symptom
Map tongue symptoms Common symptoms Tongue deep cracked tongue pain Both sides of the tongue Hairy white spots Tongue thick thick mouth dry tongue
The lesion mainly occurs in the back of the tongue, which is an irregular red smooth and slightly concave area formed by the exfoliation of the filamentous nipple. The periphery is a thick white or yellow edge, which is shaped like a map. The lesion can last for many days or weeks without change, or disappear or Change the shape and location, can disappear after disappearing, generally no obvious symptoms, a small number of patients have mild burning and itching.
1. Early appearance of one or more red patches with large round or elliptical nails on the tongue surface, and the boundary is clear, the edges are slightly raised and appear yellow-gray or white halo, which is caused by keratinization of filamentous nipples. The filamentous nipple disappeared, the braided nipple still existed or was more pronounced, the lesion gradually expanded and merged in a map shape, and the tip of the tongue and the soft palate were similarly similar to the lesion.
2. The damage mostly occurs on the tongue or the tongue, occasionally on the lips, cheeks and soft palate mucosa and the abdomen. It usually disappears for 2 to 10 days, but it can appear again, often for many days.
3. No obvious symptoms, slight tingling, mainly seen in young women with weak constitution, even with psoriasis vulgaris or pustular psoriasis.
Examine
Map tongue inspection
The tests required for this disease are:
1. Histopathological examination: excessive keratinization of the margin, central degeneration, acute infiltration of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in the dermis, spongy microabscess formation in the superficial epithelium, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, erythema The filamentous nipple disappeared, the superficial mucosa of the mucous membrane fell off, the spinous layer became thinner, the dermal papilla increased, the dermal blood vessels were congested, and lymphocytes and plasma cells were infiltrated.
2. Blood routine examination.
Diagnosis
Map tongue diagnosis
diagnosis
According to the clinical manifestations, the characteristics of skin lesions and histopathological features can be diagnosed.
Differential diagnosis
Identification with lichen planus
The mucous membrane of the tongue of the map is characterized by red and white. The surrounding mucosa of the lichen planus has white lines. The smooth atrophy of the tongue of the map and the atrophy of the flat surface of the lichen planus are similar. Therefore, when the identification is not easy, it is necessary to confirm the pathological examination. .
