Cancer around the anus
Introduction
Introduction to cancer around the anus Anal cancer occurs mostly on the anal canal or anal margin skin, mostly squamous cell carcinoma, and a few are basal cell carcinoma. The anal canal cancer grows on the tooth line. It grows under the tooth line and is cancer around the anus or anal margin. The anal canal is more common in women, and the cancer around the anus is more common. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs mostly around the anal canal and anus, and occurs from the squamous epithelium around the anal canal and anus. It is often caused by long-term chronic irritation of anal fistula, sputum, surgical scar, wet phlegm, suppurative sweat gland inflammation and latent hair cyst. Treatment depends on the extent of invasion of the surrounding tissues by anal squamous cell carcinoma and the presence or absence of inguinal lymph node metastasis. In principle, there is inguinal lymph node metastasis, and the lymph node metastasized should be removed during anal surgery. The entire procedure was performed with a laser knife and was performed according to surgical procedures. Deep swollen lymph nodes, the correct direction, can directly introduce the laser into the deep for central hyperthermia, pay attention not to damage the surrounding large blood vessels and nerve trunks. basic knowledge The proportion of illness: 0.002%-0.005% Susceptible people: no specific population Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: chyluria, hematuria
Cause
Causes of cancer around the anus
Cause of the disease:
The cause of this disease is not clear, the literature is related to the following factors: chronic inflammation, such as anal fistula, anal fissure, suppurative sweat gland inflammation, anal condyloma acuminata, anal leukoplakia, teratoma teratoma, etc., can be regarded as precancerous lesions Due to chronic long-term stimulation, it causes cell degeneration and loses normal re-differentiation ability, resulting in cancer.
Anal fistula (30%):
Anal fistula, also known as "anal rectal fistula", most anal fistula formed by anorectal abscess ulceration or incision after drainage. The abscess gradually shrinks, but the contents of the intestine continue to enter the abscess. During the process of healing and shrinking, the deformed cavity is often formed. The drainage is not easy to heal. After a long time, there are many scar tissue around the cavity, forming a chronic infectious pipeline. .
Anal fissure (30%):
Anal fissure is a small ulcer formed after a laceration of the anal canal in the dentate line. The direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the anal canal, 0.5 to 1.0 cm long, and is fusiform or elliptical, often causing severe pain in the perianal. More common in young and middle-aged people, the vast majority of anal fissures are located in the posterior midline of the anal canal, but also in the front midline, with few anal fissures on the side. If an anal fissure occurs on the side, it is thought that intestinal inflammatory diseases (such as tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, etc.) or tumors may be considered.
Anal condyloma acuminata (15%):
Anal condyloma acuminata is a kind of sputum sputum caused by human papillomavirus, which occurs at the junction of the anal and perianal skin and mucous membranes. It is a disease-transmitting disease, often caused by contact with a virus-borne object or sexual contact infection.
Prevention
Anal cancer prevention
No special precautions.
Anti-cancer should be obtained from your own life behavior, and cancer prevention is currently divided into three levels.
Primary prevention is to reduce or eliminate the carcinogenic effects of various carcinogenic factors on the human body and reduce the incidence rate. For example, you should pay attention to participate in physical exercise, change your own low mood, maintain strong energy, and improve your immune function and disease resistance. . Pay attention to diet, drinking water, and prevent cancer from entering the mouth. Do not eat mildew, burnt food and smoked, grilled, marinated, soaked food, or do not drink for a long time to store water, no smoking, no alcohol, scientific diet, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and nutritious A variety of foods, develop good hygiene habits, while paying attention to protecting the environment, avoiding and reducing pollution to the atmosphere, diet, drinking water, can prevent physical, chemical and parasitic, viral and other carcinogenic factors against the human body, effectively prevent The occurrence of cancer.
Secondary prevention is an effective means of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment to reduce the death of cancer patients. In addition to strengthening physical exercise, we should pay attention to some physical changes and regular physical examinations, such as taking pictures of chest radiographs and bronchoscopes. Examination can reveal early lung cancer. Do B-mode ultrasound scan, alpha-fetoprotein determination, can reveal liver cancer. Regular vaginal cytology can be used to detect cervical cancer early. Esophageal net examination, fiber esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, early detection of esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, etc., therefore, once the body is found to have cancer, it must go to the oncology hospital to diagnose and treat, to establish a victory over cancer. Confidence, active cooperation, cancer can be cured.
Tertiary prevention is to prevent cancer recurrence and metastasis, prevent complications and sequelae when treating cancer. At present, oncology hospitals have the advantage of a comprehensive treatment, and different treatment methods for different tumor diseases, such as surgery. Resection of tumors, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, Chinese medicine, immunization and other treatments, I believe that as long as you pay attention to learning, master the common and basic knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment, everyone can capture the signs and manifestations of certain cancers as soon as possible, so as to promptly see a doctor and assist doctors to do so. Timely diagnosis and timely treatment.
Complication
Perianal cancer complications Complications, chyluria, hematuria
The occurrence of complications is mainly related to metastasis. Inguinal lymph nodes are the predilection sites of metastasis, which can lead to inguinal lymphadenopathy; local tumor enlargement, leading to difficulty in stool, anal atresia; local infection and bleeding; metastasis to pelvic cavity A pelvic mass. Metastasis of the ovaries causes endocrine changes. Transfer the kidney, causing abnormal renal function, hematuria, chyluria and so on.
Symptom
Cancer around the anus Common symptoms Inguinal lymph nodes enlarge anal sphincter transection anal canal reflex disappears anal fissure granuloma sputum wet anal canal polyps squamous cell carcinoma thrombosis
Anal squamous cell carcinoma often has discomfort and itching in the anus. There is a small mass on the edge of the anus. The growth is slow and the pain is very slight. When it invades the anal canal or sphincter, it has pain. After a long course, it forms an ulcer, and the local part is tender. Its secretion is dilute, often mixed with bloodshot, grayish white necrotic tissue at the bottom of the ulcer, peripheral valgus and granular nodules, it is easy to scar the bleeding, inguinal lymphadenopathy, etc., inguinal lymph nodes are a good site for metastasis, but also In the diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis, early lesions in the diagnosis should be diagnosed separately from papilloma, genital warts, external thrombus, anal fissure and granulomatous ulcer.
Examine
Examination of cancer around the anus
1. General examination: visible abnormal anal mass in the anus, brittle, easy to hemorrhage, local tenderness, accompanied by secretions, local lymphadenopathy, combined infection, can cause severe pain, accompanied by chills and fever.
2. Histopathological examination: Pathological examination of local lesions is the gold standard for the diagnosis of malignant tumors.
3. Proctoscopy: local invasive metastases, lumps, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic identification of cancer around the anus
diagnosis
Diagnosis can be based on medical history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Differential diagnosis
Early lesions in the diagnosis should be diagnosed differently from papilloma, genital warts, thrombotic external hemorrhoids, anal fissures and granulomatous ulcers:
A sulcus tumor: the tumor can be pedicled in the shape of a grape or cauliflower. If the tumor is large, the surface may be broken, bleeding and infected due to repeated friction. The lesion grows slowly and can be asymptomatic and can be identified by pathological examination.
Wet phlegm: patients have a history of unclean sexual life or spouse infection, acetic acid white test is positive, the living body test can be seen similar to the smashing pattern, the middle is bright red to brown, the surrounding color gradually fades.
Thrombotic external hemorrhoids: After defecation or strenuous activity, the anus protrudes from the mass, the pain is severe, and the activity is limited. The mass is dark purple, round or oval, varying in size, slightly stiff, and tender. If the mass is too large, it can cause ischemic necrosis of the anal skin. It can also be broken, self-discharged, and the wound heals itself or forms an anal fistula.
