Cruciate ligament injury
Introduction
Introduction to cruciate ligament injury There are anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (also known as cruciate ligaments) in the knee joint. The anterior cruciate ligament starts from the anterior humerus bulge, and the posterior cruciate ligament is the inner surface of the femoral condyle. The posterior cruciate ligament starts from the humerus. The anterior, anterior, anterior, and inferior iliac crests are external to the femoral condyle. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are tensioned, and the anterior cruciate ligament prevents the humerus from moving forward. The posterior cruciate ligament prevents the humerus from moving forward. After moving. Violence can cause knee joint anterior cruciate ligament injury if the knee is overextended or excessively abducted. For example, when the knee is bent, the external force is applied to the femur from front to back, or the external force hits the upper end of the humerus from the back to the front, which can cause the anterior cruciate ligament to break. The anterior dislocation of the knee is often caused by overextension, which inevitably damages the anterior cruciate ligament. If caused by excessive abduction, the medial collateral ligament rupture can occur at the same time. The anterior cruciate ligament injury combined with medial meniscus injury is also common. When the knee is bent, the external force hits the upper end of the humerus from front to back, causing the humerus to shift excessively backward, which may cause damage to the posterior cruciate ligament and even dislocation of the knee joint. basic knowledge Sickness ratio: 0.1% Susceptible people: no special people Mode of infection: non-infectious Complications: knee osteoarthritis
Cause
Cause of cruciate ligament injury
Violence (36%):
Over-extension or excessive abduction of the knee can cause injury to the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. For example, when the knee is flexed, external force is applied to the femur from front to back, or external force is applied from the posterior to the anterior humerus. The anterior dislocation is often caused by overextension, which inevitably damages the anterior cruciate ligament. If it is caused by excessive abduction, the medial ligament rupture can occur at the same time. The anterior cruciate ligament injury combined with the medial meniscus injury is also common. When the knee is flexed, the external force is from front to back. Impacting the upper end of the humerus, causing the humerus to shift excessively backward, can cause damage to the posterior cruciate ligament, and even dislocation of the knee joint.
Prevention
Cruciate ligament injury prevention
The prevention of this disease is mainly to prevent complications. The treatment should pay attention to the timely restoration of the anatomical structure that maintains the joint stability, and maximize the recovery of the anatomical integrity and functional integrity of the joint, thereby avoiding or reducing the long-term complications. Occurs to better restore and maintain the function of the knee joint.
Complication
Cruciate ligament injury complications Complications knee osteoarthritis
If the ligament is not treated after the injury of the cruciate ligament, the incidence of advanced osteoarthritis is quite high, and it can cause secondary structural damage and degeneration of the joints. In addition, the graft ligament retreats with time. The change of relaxation and even rupture causes the function of the reconstructed ligament to decrease with time, which directly affects the therapeutic effect of the operation and the health recovery of the patient.
Symptom
Symptoms of cruciate ligament injury Common symptoms Severe pain ligament sprained blood in the wrist joint and... Finger sprain
The main manifestations of this disease are severe pain in the knee joint, obvious swelling, blood in the joints, and flexion and extension activities.
Some ligaments or joint capsules gradually relax, and when the meniscus ruptures, it can also cause instability of the joint at the beginning of the injury and instability in the late stage.
Examine
Examination of cruciate ligament injury
There are two main types of examination for this disease:
1. Drawer test: 90° knee flexion, fixed femur, the examiner holds the upper end of the calf with both hands, pushes forward or backward pushes the humerus, such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture, the tibia has forward anterior movement; such as rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament, humerus There is a backward abnormality.
2, MRI examination: MRI can be multi-faceted, multi-faceted, comprehensive and clear display of knee ligament, wherein the crisscross ligament is the main ligament of the knee joint, they are an important driving force to maintain knee stability during knee joint movement And static factors, their damage can seriously affect the knee joint movement, the main signs have the following three points:
1 localized or diffuse signal changes, ligament continuity interruption, contour changes.
2 Indirect signs: bone contusion, patella translation, exposure of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, changes in posterior and posterior cross angles, increase in posterior crossover index, Segond fracture, and change in Blumensaat angle.
3 accompanying injury: medial meniscus tear, lateral meniscus tear, internal and lateral collateral ligament tear.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and diagnosis of cruciate ligament injury
In the following two cases, a positive reaction can also occur in the drawer test, which needs to be identified.
1. The anterior external rotation of the knee is unstable: it is mainly caused by the injury of the national tendon. The method of identification is to rotate the foot slightly and check again.
2. The anterior internal rotation of the knee is unstable: the medial collateral ligament may be damaged. The method of identification is to rotate the calf and then check it.
